6~12岁儿童矮小症现状调查及影响因素探讨

Current status and associated factors of short stature among children aged 6-12 years

摘要

目的 调查6~12岁儿童矮小症现状,并分析其影响因素。方法 于2024年9月至2025年2月设计调查问卷,对邢台市部分县区16 982名6~12岁儿童的监护人进行调查,评价矮小症发生情况,并分为发生组与未发生组。比较两组一般资料,Logistic单因素和多因素回归分析探讨矮小症发生的影响因素,并统计矮小症患儿可能的发病原因。结果 本研究中,儿童矮小症检出率为3.94%,6~12岁矮小症检出率随年龄增长不断下降,男童高于女童;小于胎龄儿(OR=1.693,95%CI:1.402~2.017)、主要监护人男性(OR=1.414,95%CI:1.102~1.975)、矮小症家族史(OR=5.039,95%CI:3.744~5.547)、重组家庭(OR=1.704,95%CI:1.286~2.253)、偏食挑食(OR=1.692,95%CI:1.225~2.136)、平均每日牛奶摄入量(OR=0.915,95%CI:0.834~0.978)、平均每日运动时间(OR=0.863,95%CI:0.820~0.914)、平均每日睡眠时长(OR=0.853,95%CI:0.786~0.942)均是矮小症的影响因素(P<0.05);家族性矮小症、特发性矮小、青春期发育迟缓均与矮小症有关,占比分别为28.70%、27.35%、18.09%。结论 调查的6~12岁儿童矮小症发病率高,与小于胎龄儿、主要监护人男性、矮小症家族史、重组家庭、偏食挑食、平均每日牛奶摄入量、平均每日运动时间、平均每日睡眠时长有关,且家族性矮小症、特发性矮小、青春期发育迟缓均与其有关。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the current status of short stature among children aged 6-12 years,and analyze its associated factors. Methods A questionnaire was designed from September 2024 to February 2025,and a survey was conducted among the guardians of 16 982 children aged 6-12 years in some counties and districts of Xingtai City to evaluate the occurrence of short stature.The children were divided into short stature group and the non-short stature group.General data were compared between the two groups.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the associated factors of the short stature,and the possible causes of short stature in affected children were statistically analyzed. Results In this study,the prevalence of short stature among children was 3.94%.The prevalence of short stature among children aged 6-12 years decreased with increasing age and was higher in boys than in girls.Small for gestational age (OR=1.693,95%CI:1.402-2.017),male primary guardian (OR=1.414,95%CI:1.102-1.975),family history of short stature (OR=5.039,95%CI:3.744-5.547),stepfamily/reconstituted family (OR=1.704,95%CI:1.286-2.253),picky eating (OR=1.692,95%CI:1.225-2.136),average daily milk intake (OR=0.915,95%CI:0.834-0.978),average daily exercise time (OR=0.863,95%CI:0.820-0.914),and average daily sleep duration (OR=0.853,95%CI:0.786-0.942) were all associated factors for short stature (P<0.05).Familial short stature,idiopathic short stature,and delayed puberty were associated with short stature,accounting for 28.70%,27.35%,and 18.09%,respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of short stature in children aged 6-12 years was relatively high,and is associated with small for gestational age,male primary guardian,family history of short stature,reconstituted family,picky eating,average daily milk intake,average daily exercise time,and average daily sleep duration.Furthermore,familial short stature,idiopathic short stature,and delayed puberty are also associated with short stature.

关键词

儿童 / 矮小症 / 现状调查 / 影响因素

Key words

child / short stature / current status survey / associated factor

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基金资助

邢台市重点研发计划自筹项目(2023ZC143)