口腔种植术后疼痛机制及治疗的研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism and treatment of pain after oral implants

摘要

随着口腔种植技术的快速发展，在牙列缺损或牙列缺失患者中，口腔种植修复已逐渐成为一种常规的修复方式。然而，口腔种植术作为“侵入性”治疗，即使经过准确的术前评估和规范的外科手术，患者也可能出现术后疼痛。术后疼痛会影响患者的语言交流、咀嚼及吞咽等，使患者的生活质量降低，甚至可引起医疗事故。随着种植手术的普及，未来可能会有更多的患者遭受种植术后疼痛，尤其是种植术后神经病理性疼痛，其治疗难度仍较大，且治疗药物的疗效往往不确切，并与各种不良反应有关。本文介绍了种植术后疼痛的相关机制，对种植术后疼痛的治疗进行概括，并结合当前研究热点提出未来治疗种植术后神经病理性疼痛的潜在靶点，旨在为开展相关临床工作提供新思路。

Abstract

With the rapid development of dental implant technology, the use of oral implants to replace missing teeth has gradually become a routine restorative modality in patients with dentition defects or dentition loss. However, dental implant surgery is an invasive treatment, and the postoperative pain of surgery after implant placement occurs despite accurate evaluation and careful treatment. Postoperative pain will affect the daily life of patients, such as language communication, chewing, and swallowing, and in serious cases, even cause medical accidents. With the popularity of implant surgery, numerous patients may suffer from post-implant pain in the future. In particular, neuropathic pain after dental implants remains difficult to treat, and the efficacy of therapeutic drugs is often inaccurate, which is related to various adverse effects. This article introduces the related mechanisms of pain after dental implants, gives an overview of the treatment of pain after dental implants, and proposes potential targets for the future treatment of neuropathic pain after dental implants in the context of current research hotspots. This paper aims to provide new ideas for conducting relevant clinical studies.

关键词

口腔种植 / 神经病理性疼痛 / 中枢敏化 / 外周敏化 / 靶点治疗

Key words

dental implants / neuropathic pain / central sensitization / peripheral sensitization / target treatment

Author summay

韩冲，硕士，Email：[e-mail]