口腔局部麻醉药抗菌机制的研究进展

Research progress on the antibacterial mechanism of oral local anesthetics

摘要

局部麻醉药是口腔门诊手术常用的药物，可以发挥麻醉镇痛效果，减轻患者的疼痛，使临床治疗顺利进行。此外，局部麻醉药还被发现具有抗菌效果，能有效抑制各种细菌和真菌的生长。本文总结了口腔治疗中常用的局部麻醉药（利多卡因、布比卡因、罗哌卡因、阿替卡因等）的抗菌性，探讨了药物抗菌作用的分子机制（包括改变细胞壁和细胞膜的通透性、直接损伤细胞膜、抑制蛋白质及遗传物质的合成、抑制细胞呼吸等），以及与其他药物（抗生素、肾上腺素、阿片类药物等）的相互作用，以期有助于口腔临床治疗对局部麻醉药的选择以及感染的预防与控制。

Abstract

Local anesthetic is a kind of drug commonly used in oral outpatient operations. It has anesthetic and analgesic effects, and it can alleviate the pain of patients and facilitate treatment. Many studies have shown that local anesthetics have antibacterial effects, and they can effectively inhibit the growth of various bacteria and fungi. In this paper, the antibacterial effects of local anesthetics commonly used in dentistry (lidocaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine, articaine, etc.) were summarized, and their molecular mechanisms were discussed (including changes in cell wall and membrane permeability, direct damage to cell membranes, inhibition of protein and genetic material synthesis, inhibition of cell respiration, etc.). The interaction with other drugs (antibiotics, epinephrine, opioids, etc.) also were studied. This work will be helpful in the selection of local anesthetics in oral clinics and the prevention and control of infection.

关键词

局部麻醉药 / 抗菌性 / 口腔医学

Key words

local anesthetics / antibacterial / dentistry

Author summay

谭永臻，硕士，Email：[e-mail]