人工智能赋能机器人外科的现状与挑战
王若普 , 郭陟永 , 花语菲 , 马中凯 , 朱桂全 , 李春洁
国际口腔医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5) : 647 -656.
人工智能赋能机器人外科的现状与挑战
Artificial intelligence empowering robotic surgery: current status and challenges
手术机器人具有优秀的可操作性与稳定性,机器人辅助手术(RAS)使得外科手术更加精细化、微创化,是外科领域的“第三次技术革命”。近年来人工智能技术发展迅猛,其在RAS中的应用是一大热点,有望进一步提升RAS的效率与安全性。本文综述了人工智能在RAS中的应用现状,系统分析了主流手术机器人系统及AI模型在术中决策辅助、解剖结构识别、手术技能评估、自主式手术中的重要作用。人工智能赋能RAS仍面临诸多挑战,包括手术机器人系统的稳定性和性能的进一步提升、侵权责任认定等。随着跨学科合作的深入、数据安全的保障及伦理框架的完善,人工智能与外科医生的协同合作将成为推动外科手术迈向数智化新时代的关键力量。
Surgical robots have excellent operability and stability. Robot-assisted surgery (RAS) enhances the precision and minimally invasive nature of surgical procedures, which is the “third technological revolution” in surgery. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has developed rapidly, and its application in robotic surgery is a hot topic, which is expected to enhance the efficiency and safety of RAS. This article summarizes the current application status of AI in robot-assisted surgery and systematically analyzes the important roles of predominant surgical robot systems and AI models in intraoperative decision support, anatomical structure identification, surgical skill evaluation, and autonomous surgery. Enhancing robot-assisted surgery with AI still faces numerous challenges, such as the need for improved stability and performance of surgical robotic systems, and determination of infringement liability. As interdisciplinary cooperation intensifies, data security is ensured, and ethical frameworks are enhanced, the partnership between AI and surgeons will become a pivotal force in promo-ting surgical practices into a new era of digitization.
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