男性海员的尿钠、尿钾和尿钠/钾比值与血压水平的关联

Relationship of urinary sodium, potassium, and sodium-to-potassium ratio with blood pressure levels in male mariners

摘要

目的 分析海员的尿钠、尿钾以及钠/钾比值与血压水平的关联性。方法 收集2025年2月至2025年7月浙江省宁波市康复医院体检中心体检的715例海员资料。诊室卧位血压为自动化动脉硬化检测仪测量的双臂血压，选择收缩压更高的一侧上臂为参考臂。采集一般资料、清晨空腹点尿的尿钠和尿钾的浓度，计算尿钠/钾比值。采用Pearson相关性分析和多因素线性分析探讨清晨空腹点尿的尿钠及尿钾的浓度、尿钠/钾比值与参考臂血压水平的关联。结果 研究对象的平均年龄为（43.66±12.70）岁，参考臂血压为（130.29±14.44）/（85.52±11.21）mmHg，尿钠为（134.96±55.77）mmol/L，尿钾为（55.44±28.17）mmol/L，尿钠/钾比值为3.05±1.94。相关性分析显示，尿钠与参考臂血压相关性无统计学意义（P＞0.05），但尿钾与收缩压（r = −0.133，P＜0.001）和舒张压均呈负相关（r = −0.148，P＜0.001）；尿钠/钾比值与收缩压（r = 0.134，P＜0.001）和舒张压（r = 0.114，P = 0.002）均呈正相关。多因素回归分析结果显示，尿钾和尿钠/钾比值是收缩压和舒张压的相关因素（P＜0.001）。结论 清晨空腹点尿的尿钾和尿钠/钾比值与参考臂的血压具有相关性，海员应在控制钠盐摄入的情况下增加钾盐摄入。

Abstract

Objective To analyze the association of urinary sodium, urinary potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio with blood pressure levels among seafarers. Methods Data from 715 seafarers undergoing physical examinations at the Physical Examination Center of Ningbo Rehabilitation Hospital, Zhejiang Province, from February 2025 to July 2025 were collected. Clinic supine blood pressure was measured using an automated arteriosclerosis detector on both arms, with the arm showing the higher systolic pressure selected as the reference arm. General information, as well as the concentrations of urinary sodium and urinary potassium from morning fasting spot urine samples, were collected, and the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio was calculated. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the association of morning fasting spot urinary sodium and potassium concentrations and the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio with reference arm blood pressure levels. Results The mean age of the subjects was (43.66±12.70) years. The reference arm blood pressure was (130.29±14.44)/(85.52±11.21) mmHg, urinary sodium was (134.96±55.77) mmol/L, urinary potassium was (55.44±28.17) mmol/L, and the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio was 3.05±1.94. Correlation analysis showed no statistically significant association between urinary sodium and reference arm blood pressure (P＞0.05). However, urinary potassium was negatively correlated with both systolic blood pressure (r = −0.133, P＜0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r = −0.148, P＜0.001). The urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio was positively correlated with both systolic blood pressure (r = 0.134, P＜0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.114, P=0.002). Multiple regression analysis results indicated that urinary potassium and the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio were associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P＜0.001). Conclusion Morning fasting spot urinary potassium and the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio are correlated with reference arm blood pressure. Seafarers should increase potassium intake while restricting sodium salt intake.

关键词

血压 / 尿钠 / 尿钾 / 海员

Key words

blood pressure / urinary sodium / urinary potassium / seafarers

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基金资助

宁波市医学重点学科建设项目资助(2022-G02)