高血压患者运动风险评估体系及其应用现状和存在的问题

The exercise risk assessment system for hypertensive patients: current application and challenges

摘要

运动干预是高血压管理的重要非药物手段，虽能改善血压，但也可能诱发心血管事件，尤其未受控患者风险更高，故科学的运动风险评估是保障运动安全有效的重要前提。本文结合《中国高血压防治指南（2024年修订版）》最新建议，梳理高血压患者运动风险评估的本土化应用现状、核心工具与分层标准，构建中国人群特异性评估框架；重点分析单纯高血压及合并症患者的评估应用要点，整合人工智能辅助评估、可穿戴设备监测等前沿技术；明确当前评估体系缺乏统一标准、动态监测不足等问题，提供临床实操工具与解决方案，推动运动风险评估与个体化运动处方精准衔接，为临床实践提供参考。

Abstract

Exercise intervention is an important non-pharmacological strategy in the management of hypertension. Although it effectively improves blood pressure control, it may also trigger cardiovascular events, particularly in patients with uncontrolled hypertension who are at higher risk. Therefore, systematic and scientifically grounded exercise risk assessment is a important prerequisite for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of exercise participation. Based on the latest recommendations of the Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension (2024 revised edition), this paper reviews the current status of localized application, core tools, and stratification criteria for exercise risk assessment in Chinese patients with hypertension, and proposes a population-specific assessment framework tailored to the Chinese population. It further focuses on the assessment strategies for patients with uncomplicated hypertension and those with comorbid conditions, and integrates emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence–assisted evaluation and wearable device monitoring.In addition, this review identifies key limitations in the current assessment system, including the lack of standardized criteria and insufficient dynamic monitoring. Practical clinical tools and solutions are provided to facilitate implementation. This work aims to promote the precise integration of exercise risk assessment with individualized exercise prescription, thereby providing a reference for clinical practice.

关键词

高血压 / 运动风险评估 / 运动处方 / 本土化应用 / 临床实操 / 可穿戴设备 / 人工智能辅助评估

Key words

hypertension / exercise risk assessment / exercise prescription / localized application / clinical practice / wearable devices / artificial intelligence-assisted assessment

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