钠盐替代策略对心脑血管疾病高危人群的风险获益与防控

Sodium-salt substitution in populations at high risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: risks, benefits, and preventive strategies

摘要

我国是全球食盐摄入量最高的国家之一，居民日常饮食中普遍存在的高钠摄入已成为影响公众健康的重大公共卫生问题。与单纯减少食盐用量的传统方式相比，钠盐替代策略在实现减钠目标方面展现出更优的可行性与持续性。本文通过系统梳理与分析现有研究证据，旨在阐明钠盐替代策略对心脑血管疾病高危人群的健康获益，探讨其在实际应用中的有效防控路径，并呼吁加强政策引导与公众教育，推动多方协作，共同促进全民减钠行动的深入开展与成效落实。

Abstract

China is one of the countries with the highest salt intake in the world. Excessive dietary sodium consumption, which is widespread in the daily diets of Chinese residents, has become a major public health concern affecting population health. Compared with traditional approach of simply reducing salt intake, salt substitution strategies demonstrate greater feasibility and sustainability in achieving sodium reduction goals. This paper systematically reviews and synthesizes existing evidence to elucidate the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health benefits of salt substitution strategies among high-risk populations. It further explores effective pathways for practical implementation and calls for strengthened policy guidance and public education, as well as multisectoral collaboration, to advance and consolidate nationwide sodium reduction efforts.

关键词

减钠 / 钠盐替代 / 心脑血管疾病 / 风险防控

Key words

sodium reduction / salt substitution / cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases / risk prevention and control

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