不同通风方式对就仓干燥效果的数值模拟研究

Numerical simulation of ventilation strategies on in-bin grain drying performance

摘要

现有粮食就仓干燥工艺在气流分布、干燥速率及能耗控制方面仍存在一定局限性,研究横流通风在就仓干燥中的应用可行性,可以为立筒仓提供更高效的工艺装备设计路径。文章基于多孔介质流体动力学及热质交换原理,通过合理调整风道布局(分别为垂直通风和横流通风),优化了锥底立筒仓的设计方案。通过数值模拟方法,对比了两种粮食就仓干燥工艺装备结构的运行效果,重点分析干燥过程中仓内气流分布、粮堆温度、粮堆含水率、干燥速率、干燥均匀性及能耗成本等参数的特征。结果表明:横流通风工艺能耗为2328kW,干燥成本降低至21.4元/t,单位能耗除湿量达到3.3kg/kWh;横流通风工艺在气流分布均匀性、干燥速率和能耗等参数方面均优于垂直通风工艺,综合确定为最佳干燥工艺装备。

Abstract

Current in-bin grain drying techniques still exhibit limitations in airflow distribution, drying rate, and energy consumption control. Investigating the feasibility of cross-flow ventilation in in-bin drying can provide a more efficient design pathway for process equipment in vertical silos. Based on porous media fluid dynamics and heat-mass transfer theory, this study optimized hopper-bottom vertical silos designed for vertical ventilation and cross-flow ventilation by reasonably adjusting air duct layouts. Numerical simulations were performed to compare the operational performance of the two drying systems, with particular focus on airflow distribution inside the silo, grain bulk temperature, grain bulk moisture content, drying rate, drying uniformity, and energy consumption and drying cost during the drying process. The results showed that the cross-flow ventilation system achieved an energy consumption of 2328kWh, reduced the drying cost to 21.4 CNY/t, and attained a specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) of 3.3 kg/kWh. Compared with the vertical ventilation system, the cross-flow ventilation process outperformed it in airflow distribution uniformity, drying rate, and energy consumption, and was therefore identified as the optimal drying process configuration.

关键词

垂直通风 / 横流通风 / 热湿传递 / 能耗 / 数值模拟

Key words

vertical ventilation / cross-flow ventilation / heat and moisture transfer / energy consumption / numerical simulation

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基金资助

山东省高等学校“青创人才引育计划”()

济南市领军人才工作室基金项目(202333050)

国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFE0106800)