集中供暖条件下地板辐射供暖住宅建筑热环境仿真分析

Simulation and analysis of thermal environment in residential buildings with radiant floor heating under centralized heating system

摘要

有效监测各住户室内温度变化是实现集中供暖精细化管控的关键。文章以济南市某六层住宅建筑为对象,基于构建的住宅建筑地板辐射供暖热环境模型,模拟了不同邻户停暖、不同供水温度、不同供水流量下住户的室温和能耗,探讨了楼层、单元位置、邻户供暖状况对室温、能耗的影响,以及变流量、变水温条件下室温和能耗的响应特性。结果表明:各住户均供暖条件下,顶层边户室温较中间户低2.36℃,能耗高2.89MJ/h,底层边户室温较中间户低1.59℃,能耗高5.79MJ/h;室温受上层邻户采暖状态影响最显著,上户停暖造成中间户室温下降2.73℃,能耗平均值增加2.99MJ/h;在供水温度恒定时,增加流量可显著提升室温但增幅趋于饱和;在流量恒定时,室温与能耗随供水温度近似线性增加。

Abstract

Effective monitoring of indoor temperature variations in individual households is essential for the refined control of district heating systems in residential buildings. In this study, a six-story residential building in Jinan was selected as the research object, and a thermal environment model with radiant floor heating was established. Indoor temperatures and energy consumption under different neighboring households’ heating-stop conditions, supply-water temperatures, and supply-water flow rates were simulated. The effects of floor level, unit location, and neighboring-household heating conditions on indoor temperature and energy consumption are discussed, as well as the response characteristics under variable-flow and variable-temperature conditions. The results showed that, under all-household heating conditions, the indoor temperature of top-floor corner units was 2.36℃ lower and energy consumption was 2.89MJ/h higher than that of middle units, while bottom-floor corner units was 1.59℃ lower and energy consumption was 5.79MJ/h higher. Indoor temperature was most strongly influenced by the heating state of the upper neighboring units; when upper dwellings stopped heating, the indoor temperature of middle units decreased by 2.73℃ and their average energy consumption increased by 2.99MJ/h. At a constant supply-water temperature, increasing the flow rate significantly raised indoor temperature, yet the increase tended to saturate, whereas at a constant flow rate, indoor temperature and energy consumption increased approximately linearly with supply-water temperature.

关键词

仿真 / 室温分析 / 供热系统

Key words

simulation / indoor temperature analysis / heating system

参考文献

[1] Pathirana S, Rodrigo A, Halwatura R . Effect of building shape, orientation, window to wall ratios and zones on energy efficiency and thermal comfort of naturally ventilated houses in tropical climate[J]. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 2019, 10(1): 107-120.

[2] 江德明 . 窗墙比对居住建筑能耗的影响[J]. 建筑技术, 2009, 40(12): 1099-1102.

[3] Karimi M, Chikamoto T, Lee M, et al. Impact of building orientation on energy performance of residential buildings in various cities across Afghanistan[J]. Sustainability, 2024, 16(24): 11076.

[4] Wang J, Gao W J, MENG X . Influence of adjacent heating on indoor air temperature in non—central heating building[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2025, 74: 106796.

[5] Xue P, Yang F, Zhang Y, et al. Quantitative study on adjacent room heat transfer: Heating load and influencing factors[J]. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2019, 51: 101720.

[6] 剡婧婧, 刘兰斌, 涂壤 . 供暖期空置住宅停暖对建筑室温及能耗的影响[J]. 建筑科学, 2019(8): 125-130.

[7] Bae S M, Nam Y, Choi J H . Comparative analysis of system performance and thermal comfort for an integrated system with PVT and GSHP considering two load systems: Convective heating and radiant floor heating[J]. Energies, 2020, 13(20): 5524.

[8] 李杰 . 基于行为模式的户式空气源热泵地板辐射供暖系统的节能研究[D]. 西安: 西安建筑科技大学, 2023: 9-10.

[9] 王贵强, 邢禹婷, 冯国会, 等 . 基于多用户室温监测的建筑供热效果评价[J]. 建筑技术, 2025, 56(2): 209-214.

[10] Lu M L, Zhang C, Zhang D Y, et al. Operational optimization of district heating system based on an integrated model in TRNSYS[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2021, 230: 110538.

[11] 周崇钢 . 基于建筑能耗数据的节能优化模型与应用[D]. 广州: 广州大学, 2020: 82-84.

[12] 相明宇, 周恩泽, 杨英帅, 等 . 基于K—means聚类的动态换热站代表室温提取方法研究[J]. 建筑科学, 2025(2): 237-245.

[13] 孙春华, 冯浩宇, 高晓宇, 等 . 大型集中供热系统热力站耗热量聚类分析[J]. 建筑节能(中英文), 2022(1): 74-79.

[14] 叶从周 . 聚类分析在公共建筑能源系统优化运行中的应用研究[J]. 建筑科技, 2021(6): 59-63.

[15] DB37/5026—2022 居住建筑节能设计标准[S].

[16] 赵文田 . 地面辐射供暖设计施工手册[M]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2014: 5-13.

[17] JGJ142—2012 辐射供暖供冷技术规程[S].

[18] 张雨虹, 宋永兴, 张林华 . 辐射供冷位置对室内热舒适和能耗的影响分析[J]. 山东建筑大学学报, 2024, 39(1): 57-63.

[19] 张雨虹 . 墙体与地板辐射供暖比较研究[D]. 济南: 山东建筑大学, 2024.

[20] 陈辰 . 太阳直射地面对低温热水地板辐射供暖系统的影响研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2022: 9-13.

[21] 郭敏, 胡松涛, 闫致江, 等 . 居住节能建筑热负荷数值分析[J]. 山东建筑大学学报, 2017, 32(6): 529-535.

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52278115)