办公楼相变辐射供冷系统热舒适性及能源柔性潜力评估

Evaluation of thermal comfort and energy flexibility potential of phase change radiant cooling system in an office building

摘要

办公楼空调系统电力能源需求大,是挖掘能源柔性潜力的理想对象,而空调系统在保障柔性用能的同时,也要达到人员热舒适。为统筹兼顾能源柔性和热舒适性,选取济南市某办公楼为研究对象,构建4种不同控制策略的空调系统方案,从操作温度、预测平均热感觉指数等热舒适性指标,以及存储效率减能指数和降峰指数等能源柔性指标展开综合评估。结果表明:含有相变材料的辐射地板系统,同时考虑预冷策略,90%以上运行时间的预测平均热感觉指数处于-0.5~0.5,满足热舒适标准,且无结露风险;平均日存储效率为56%,峰值负荷较基准方案降低18.6%,总耗电量减少3916.7kWh,节能约9.8%;与其他传统空调方案相比,含有相变材料的辐射地板系统在山东分时电价机制下电力成本最低,可节约用电成本8%~15%。

Abstract

Office building air conditioning systems have high electricity demand, making them ideal targets for exploring energy flexibility potential. However, while ensuring flexible energy use, air conditioning systems must also provide a good human thermal comfort experience. To balance energy flexibility and thermal comfort, this study selected an office building in Jinan as the research object and constructed four air conditioning system schemes with different control strategies. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted from two aspects: thermal comfort indicators such as operating temperature and predicted mean vote, and energy flexibility indicators such as storage efficiency reduction index and peak reduction index. The results show that the radiant floor system with phase change materials under a precooling strategy can keep the PMV within the range of -0.5 to 0.5 for more than 90% of the time, meeting the thermal comfort standards without the risk of condensation. The average daily storage efficiency is 56%, the peak load is 18.6% lower than that of the benchmark scheme, the total electricity consumption is reduced by 3916.7kWh, and the energy saving rate reaches approximately 9.8%. Compared with other traditional air conditioning schemes, the radiant floor system with PCMs has the lowest electricity cost under Shandong's time-of-use electricity price mechanism, and this system can save electricity costs by 8% to 15%.

关键词

相变材料 / 辐射供冷系统 / 热舒适性 / 能源柔性

Key words

phase change material / radiant cooling system / thermal comfort / energy flexibility

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFE0106800)