无人机领域国际标准综述与解读

A comprehensive review and interpretation of international standards in the UAV domain

摘要

在全球低空经济快速发展的大趋势下,无人机的规模化应用对国际标准体系提出迫切需求。文章重点解读了航空器本体设计(ISO 21384系列)、起降设施(ISO 5015-2)、低空交通管理(ISO 23629系列)等核心国际标准的技术要求与架构逻辑,揭示四大发展趋势:技术融合驱动标准跨域协同、应用场景拓展催生新标准需求、国际协同与区域特色并存、安全与可持续发展标准持续强化。研究表明,完善的国际标准体系是无人机产业规模化、安全化发展的关键前提。然而,当前标准仍面临技术迭代滞后于标准制定周期、区域监管差异导致互认壁垒、执行环节协同不足等挑战。针对这些问题,文章提出中国应深度参与场景化标准制定,强化国际标准适配验证能力,并推动建立快速响应机制。

Abstract

In the context of the rapid development of the global low altitude economy, there is an urgent need for the international standard system for the large-scale application of drones. The article has sorted out the technical requirements and architectural logic of core international standards with a focus on interpreting aircraft body design (ISO 21384 series), takeoff and landing facilities (ISO 5015-2), and low altitude traffic management (ISO 23629 series). The study reveals four major development trends: technology integration drives cross-domain collaboration of standards, application scenario expansion generates new standard demands, international collaboration coexists with regional characteristics, and safety and sustainable development standards continue to be strengthened. Research has shown that a sound international standard system is a key prerequisite for the large-scale and safe development of the drone industry. However, the current standards still face challenges such as technological iteration lagging behind the cycle of standard formulation, regional regulatory differences leading to mutual recognition barriers, and insufficient coordination in the implementation process. In response to these issues, this article proposes that China should deeply participate in the development of scenario-based standards, strengthen its ability to adapt and verify international standards, and promote the establishment of a rapid response mechanism.

关键词

无人机 / 国际标准 / 低空交通管理 / 标准化组织 / 应用场景

Key words

unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) / international standard / low-altitude traffic management / standardization organization / application scenario

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基金资助

山东高速集团有限公司科技计划项目(HS2025B024)

山东省研究生优质案例库(SDYAL2024083)