泥石流弯道侵蚀机制试验研究

Experimental Study on the Erosion Mechanism of Debris Flow Bends

摘要

为揭示泥石流弯道侵蚀机制,通过水槽试验,对泥石流弯道运动特征、凹岸侵蚀形态及剪切力进行分析。结果表明:弯道顶冲部位受侵蚀作用最剧烈,上游侵蚀程度明显大于下游;侵蚀深度和超高是影响凹岸土体失稳的重要因素;水力侵蚀与重力侵蚀的动态耦合关系影响泥石流侵蚀作用;弯道中上游凹岸为高剪切力区,下游为低剪切力区,最大剪切力出现在泥石流顶冲部位附近;弯道泥石流流速与泥石流剪切力同步变化,泥石流顶冲部位泥石流流速衰减率最大,泥石流侵蚀作用最强;弯道环流加剧了泥石流的侵蚀作用。

Abstract

To reveal the erosion mechanism of debris flow bends, this study conducted flume experiments, focusing on analyzing the movement characteristics of debris flow in bends, the erosion patterns of concave banks, and shear stress. The results indicate that: the apex of the bend experiences the most intense erosion, and the erosion intensity in the upstream is significantly greater than that in the downstream. The erosion depth and super-elevation are important factors affecting the instability of soil on concave banks. The dynamic coupling relationship between hydraulic erosion and gravitational erosion influences debris flow erosion. The concave banks in the upper and middle reaches of the bend are high shear stress areas, while the lower reaches are low shear stress areas, and the maximum shear stress occurs near the apex of the debris flow. The flow velocity of the debris flow in the bend varies synchronously with its shear force, with the highest velocity decay rate and the strongest debris flow erosion both occurring at the apex. The circulation within the bend exacerbates the erosion effect of the debris flow.

关键词

泥石流 / 弯道侵蚀 / 剪切力 / 流速衰减率

Key words

debris flow / bend erosion / shear force / velocity attenuation rate

参考文献

[1] 叶豪, 王乃昂, 赵力强, 等 . 积石山M_S6.2级地震同震泥流动力学过程模拟研究 [J]. 冰川冻土, 2025, 47(2): 430-440.

[2] Ye Hao, Wang Naiang, Zhao Liqiang, et al. Dynamic process simulation of coseismic mudflow triggered by the Jishishan M_S6.2 earthquake [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2025, 47(2): 430-440.

[3] 黄远红, 赵晋恒, 胡凯衡, 等 . 泥石流流体性质与弯道幅度角对超高影响的实验研究[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2017, 26(5): 110-118.

[4] Huang Yuanhong, Zhao Jinheng, Hu Kaiheng, et al. Investigation of influence of debris-flow properties and channel′s turning angle on its super-elevation by flume experiments[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2017, 26(5): 110-118.

[5] 李龙 . 泥石流弯道超高实验研究[D]. 成都: 成都理工大学, 2017.

[6] Li Long . Experimental study about superelevation of the debris flow in bend[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology, 2017.

[7] 刘清华, 唐川, 余斌 . 基于流深和弯道超高的泥石流淤积范围划分[J]. 山地学报, 2018, 36(4): 581-588.

[8] Liu Qinghua, Tang Chuan, Yu Bin . Delineation of debris flow inundation range based on flow depth and curve superelevation[J]. Mountain Research, 2018, 36(4): 581-588.

[9] Song Pengjia, Yang Jun, Choi C E, et al. Experimental investigation on scouring v.s. mass failure of unsaturated soil bed: implications for debris flow initiation and erosion[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 2024, 129(4): e2023JF007275.

[10] 马超, 王玉杰, 王彬 . 北京市密云区典型泥石流侵蚀过程分析[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2018, 29(4): 10-16.

[11] Ma Chao, Wang Yujie, Wang Bin . Erosion processon of a typical debris flow in Miyun County, Beijing[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2018, 29(4): 10-16.

[12] 孙宇鹏 . 弯道型排导槽构造对泥石流流动特性的影响研究[D]. 杭州: 中国计量大学, 2023.

[13] Sun Yupeng . Study on the influence of bend-type drainage channel configuration on the flow characteristics of debris flow[D]. Hangzhou: China Jiliang University, 2023.

[14] 汪鹏 . 弯道堆积对豫西矿渣泥石流放大效应影响研究[D]. 开封: 河南大学, 2022.

[15] Wang Peng . Research on the influence of the accumulation of bends on the amplification effect of slag and debris flow in western Henan[D]. Kaifeng: Henan University, 2022.

[16] 施犇奔 . 泥石流弯道运动特征与危险性评价[D]. 绵阳: 西南科技大学, 2023.

[17] Shi Benben . Characteristics of debris flow movement in the bend and risk assessment[D]. Mianyang: Southwest University of Science and Technology, 2023.

[18] 王延贵 . 冲积河流岸滩崩塌机理的理论分析及试验研究[D]. 北京: 中国水利水电科学研究院, 2003.

[19] Wang Yangui . Study on mechanism of bank failure in the alluvial river[D]. Beijing: China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, 2003.

[20] Osman A M, Thorne C R . Riverbank stability analysis. I: theory[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1988, 114(2): 134-150.

[21] Yu Minghui, Wei Hongyan, Wu Songbai . Experimental study on the bank erosion and interaction with near-bank bed evolution due to fluvial hydraulic force[J]. International Journal of Sediment Research, 2015, 30(1): 81-89.

[22] 黄鹏 . 山洪作用下河湾段路基挡墙破坏机理研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆交通大学, 2023.

[23] Huang Peng . Failure mechanism of subgrade retaining wall in curved channel section under mountain flood action[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing Jiaotong University, 2023.

[24] 全炳欣, 赵俊刚, 郭向红, 等 . 河流弯道水流对路基冲刷分析研究[J]. 中外公路, 2021, 41(S2): 15-19.

[25] Quan Bingxin, Zhao Jungang, Guo Xianghong, et al. Analysis and study on scour of subgrade by river bend water[J]. Journal of China & Foreign Highway, 2021, 41(S2): 15-19.

[26] 谢亚光, 余明辉, 胡鹏, 等 . 弯道凹岸不同部位崩塌体对近岸水流结构影响的试验研究[J]. 水科学进展, 2019, 30(5): 727-737.

[27] Xie Yaguang, Yu Minghui, Hu Peng, et al. Experimental study on the effects of slump block at different locations upon the flow structure near the outer bank[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2019, 30(5): 727-737.

[28] Lai Y G, Thomas R E, Ozeren Y, et al. Modeling of multilayer cohesive bank erosion with a coupled bank stability and mobile-bed model[J]. Geomorphology, 2015, 243: 116-129.

基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(U21A2008)

邯郸市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(23422093034)

河北省重点研发计划项目(21374104D)

河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(ZD2021309)