To investigate the fracture characteristics of silty mudstone under moisture-thermo-mechanical conditions, fracture evolution tests were carried out, and the fracture development of silty mudstone under single-factor cycles and multi-factor coupling cycles was obtained. Meanwhile, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope were employed to examine the microstructural change of silty mudstone. By combining the correlation of macro and micro test results, the crack propagation mechanism of silty mudstone under moisture-thermo-mechanical conditions was revealed. The results show that the fracture development of silty mudstone under moisture-thermo-mechanical conditions generally exhibits a growth-gentle trend. Under single-factor cycles, humidity cycles (soaking-drying) are most likely to cause fracturing of silty mudstone, followed by temperature cycles (5~60 °C) and mechanical cycles (0~50 kPa). Under multi-factor coupling cycles, their order to cause fracturing is moisture-thermo-mechanical cycles, moisture-thermo cycles, moisture-mechanical cycles, and thermo-mechanical cycles, which verifies the finding that humidity cycles are the dominant factor in causing fractures. After 15 moisture-thermo-mechanical cycles, the fracture rate can reach 0.92%, the number of fractures increases up to 30, the average fracture length extends to 60.58 mm, and the average fracture width is stable at about 0.47 mm. The gray correlation between the porosity and fracture rate is the largest, which is 0.813, indicating that the correlation between pore development and fracture expansion is the greatest in microstructure changes. Under moisture-thermo-mechanical conditions, humidity cycles cause the interlayer spacing changes of clay minerals, resulting in particle breakages and pores expansion to form microcracks. The temperature cycle produces differential thermal stress and water distribution in silty mudstone, which promotes the development of microcracks. The mechanical cycle increases the fracture tip stress and finally leads to a fracture network.
裂隙演化试验中,对完成循环次数1、3、5、7、9、11、13、15后的试样对表面使用高清相机进行拍摄.圆柱体试样侧面每隔22.5°拍摄一次,拍摄时固定相机位置,保持光线均匀.圆柱体试样得到16幅侧面图,长方体试样得到4幅侧面图,结合上下面,将其进行平面展开的拼接处理,得到循环试验后的试样平面展开图,见图2(a).后对其进行二值化,得到灰度图,见图2(b).已有研究表明,利用Image Pro Plus软件对软岩裂隙灰度图像进行处理时,根据直方图阈值法,在阈值[127,255]范围内进行分割能够获得较准确的裂隙几何参数[8],据此,对图2(b)进行阈值分割处理,之后进行降噪处理,得出裂隙骨架图,分别见图2(c)、(d).统计裂隙率、裂隙条数、平均长度及平均宽度,裂隙率指裂隙面积与试样面积之比,反映裂隙总体发育程度;裂隙条数指试样裂隙产生数量;平均长度用来分析裂隙延伸规律;平均宽度表征裂隙演化过程的张开度[18].
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52078066)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52078067)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52378440)
National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(52078066)
National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(52078067)
National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(52378440)
湖南省自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目(2023JJ10045)
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province Outstanding Youth Fund Project(2023JJ10045)
长沙市杰出创新青年培养计划(kq2305023)
Outstanding Innovative Youth Training Program of Changsha City(kq2305023)
桥梁工程安全控制教育部重点实验室(长沙理工大学)开放基金资助项目(15KB01)
Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Bridge Engineering Safety Control by Department of Education (Changsha University of Science & Technology)(15KB01)