To reveal the deformation and failure characteristics of the metro shield tunnel overpassing buried fault, a self-designed loading test device for faulting simulation was used to carry out a 1∶ 25 geometric scale cross-fault shield tunnel model test. The mechanical response law and deformation failure characteristics of the shield tunnel under normal faulting were analyzed. The test results show that under 2 cm normal faulting, the longitudinal differential deformation of the tunnel shows a nonlinear increasing trend. The opening of the circumferential joint is mainly located at the vault of the footwall tunnel. The arch bottom of the hanging wall tunnel and the peak opening of the circumferential joints have exceeded the waterproof limit of the joints. The diameter convergence deformation of the segment lining at the junction of the fault extension line and the tunnel occurs severely. The stress state of the outer side of the arch waist of the tunnel lining is tensioned, while the outer side of the vault and the arch waist are compressed. The contact pressure between the tunnel and the stratum is greatly affected by the faulting, and there are surrounding rock compression and loosening zones. However, the peak value of contact pressure is relatively limited. Tensile fracture of the circumferential joint, longitudinal cracking of the segment, and joint deformation are the main deformation and failure characteristics of the shield tunnel. The probability of oblique shear failure and local crushing failure is low. Based on the longitudinal deformation and failure characteristics of shield tunnels, the joints deformation and the tensile fracture of the circumferential joint should be taken as the main control indexes to define the structural failure of cross-fault shield tunnels. Based on the deformation and failure characteristics of segmental lining, suggestions on structural design and countermeasures of cross-fault shield tunnel are proposed.
在盾构隧道横向变形性能研究方面,董正方等[20]基于模型管片的静力加载试验结果,提出管片弹塑性分界点、临界失稳点直径变形率限值分别为0.42‰和15.22‰.施成华等[21]通过开展基于混凝土塑性损伤的管片极限承载力数值计算,得出隧道管片极限承载力对应的直径收敛变形率为13.4‰.王如路等[22]指出超载作用下软土盾构隧道管片达到混凝土强度标准值的直径变形率为13.5‰,并认为当管片收敛变形接近10 cm 时应进行及时加固.在本试验中,管片最大直径收敛变形率为9.3‰,从管片收敛变形分析,此时管片尚未达到临界失稳点.
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