To solve the optimization problem of control algorithm parameters, damper parameters, and layout location in the semi-active control systems with magnetorheological (MR) dampers, an improved adaptive niche genetic algorithm is proposed. The proposed genetic algorithm is improved in selection strategy, crossover and mutation operation, and adaptive adjustment of crossover probability and mutation probability. Two different niche technologies, the pre-selection mechanism and sharing mechanism, are used in the improved genetic algorithm. The results of a numerical example show that the optimization result of the improved adaptive niche genetic algorithm (GA-Ⅰ) and an improved simple genetic algorithm (GA-Ⅱ) is generally consistent, indicating the correctness of the former algorithm. Moreover, the GA-Ⅰ consumes an average of 32.7% less computation time to obtain the optimal solution for the first time than the GA-Ⅱ, which means that the former algorithm converges faster than the latter. In addition, optimization results of 30 times indicate that the GA-Ⅰ has stronger stability than the GA-Ⅱ. The semi-active control system with MR dampers optimized by the GA-Ⅰ achieves effective vibration suppression. The maximum values of inter-story drift angles and floor absolute accelerations of the semi-actively controlled structure under El Centro, Chi-Chi and man-made waves are decreased by 64.1%, 54.7%, and 55.9% on average compared to those without control, respectively. The numerical example demonstrates the effectiveness of the GA‒Ⅰ, and the integrated optimization of the semi-active control system with MR dampers is realized.
图5中,当El Centro波、集集波、人工波分别为输入地震动时,改进的自适应小生境遗传算法首次得到最优解的进化代数分别为134、86、15,而改进的基本遗传算法则分别为256、337、134.改进的自适应小生境遗传算法和改进的基本遗传算法首次得到最优解平均耗费的机时分别为389.2 s、577.9 s (在同一台计算机上运行算法程序),前者比后者平均少用机时32.7%.可见,与改进的基本遗传算法相比,改进的自适应小生境遗传算法的收敛速度更快.
El Centro波输入时,半主动控制和无控结构峰值响应对比如图7所示.由图可知,经改进的自适应小生境遗传算法优化的半主动控制系统取得明显减振效果.半主动控制结构层间位移角峰值和绝对加速度峰值较无控时分别平均减小66.8%和40.4%.其中,底层层间位移角峰值、顶层绝对加速度峰值分别减小70.2%和63.6%.
El Centro波输入时,半主动控制和无控结构典型动力响应时程对比如图8所示.由图可见,经过优化的磁流变阻尼半主动控制系统取得良好减振效果.在地震作用时段内,半主动控制结构底层层间位移和顶层绝对加速度较无控时均明显减小,均方根值分别减小82.7%和78.8%.
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