To solve the technical problems of large lifting weight and difficulty to realize prefabrication and assembling of cantilevered bent caps, using the excellent mechanical properties of UHPC, a new type of semi-precast prestressed UHPC-S-NC non-demolition molded bent caps, with the use of groove-type combination structure made of UHPC, steel plate and steel section (S) as the permanent formwork, and the pouring of normal concrete (NC) after erection, were put into position. In order to study its crack resistance and stiffness and evaluate its safety, a 1∶2.5 large-scale scaled model was designed and loaded in the whole process in conjunction with the actual project, and key experimental datas such as the deformation characteristics of the test beams, the magnitude of the cracking and ultimate loads, and the pattern of crack development and distribution were obtained. The crack distribution and strain development law of the test beams were analyzed; considering the plastic stress-strain relationship of the NC material, the cracking moment calculation mode and calculation method of the structural UHPC layer and NC layer were proposed; and the bending capacity calculation mode of the combined structure was proposed based on the cross-section equilibrium condition, while the calculation mode of the structural shear capacity was explored based on the code. The results show that: the new type of bent cap structure has the characteristics of fast construction and a high degree of assembly; the calculation results of cracking bending moment are in good agreement with the test values; the new type of bent cap structure has sufficient load carrying capacity, and so it is suggested to use the equilibrium conditions and superposition method to evaluate the load carrying capacity of the structure, and the results are biased towards safety; some specific suggestions for the design and construction of the structure are put forward for the actual project. The research results can provide a reference for the application of semi-precast bent caps.
制作试验梁的同时,根据法国规范NF P 18-710 National addition to eurocode 2—design of concrete structures: specific rules for ultra-high performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC)[21](简称NF P 18-710)和规范《混凝土物理力学性能试验方法标准》(GB/T 50081—2019)[22](简称GB/T 50081—2019)浇筑了一批UHPC和NC材性试件,所有试件与试验梁在同等条件下养护,并按规范进行试验,获得UHPC和NC的材料性能结果如表2所示.
当荷载增加至999.1 kN时,在支座上方梁顶区域的UHPC表面发现数条微小横向裂缝,宽度约为0.02 mm,间距约25 cm. 随后加载时隐约可以听到钢纤维拔出的“噼啪”声,部分梁顶裂缝开始向腹板延伸,表现为竖向弯曲裂缝,原有裂缝宽度几乎没有变化. 至1 304.2 kN时,支座上方梁顶横向裂缝已十分密集,平均间距约5 cm,UHPC表面呈现多元开裂特征,最初出现的裂缝大部分已延伸至UHPC腹板,竖向弯曲裂缝宽度在0.05 mm左右,长度约20 cm. 随着荷载的增加,梁顶横向裂缝持续增加并向腹板扩展,腹板竖向弯曲裂缝越来越密集,当荷载达到 1 498.1 kN时,伴随着“窸窸窣窣”的撕裂声,锚固段UHPC腹板出现数条指向支座中线的弯剪型斜裂缝,裂缝倾角在60°~90°之间,裂缝长度约30 cm. 当荷载达到2 003.3 kN时,锚固段支座和锚固点连线区域的UHPC表面出现了腹剪型斜裂缝,裂缝呈弯钩状,上半部分斜裂缝水平夹角30°~45°,下半部分接近水平向支座方向延伸[图14(c)],腹剪型斜裂缝较弯曲裂缝稀疏,且裂缝出现时宽度已达0.1 mm.
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