Comparative Experimental Study on Deformation of Transparent Soil Induced by Construction of Quasi-rectangular and Circular Tunnels at Different Buried Depths
The quasi-rectangular tunnel has gradually gained popularized in engineering because of its space advantages. However, there is a lack of in-depth research on the differences between quasi-rectangular and circular tunnels in the surrounding soil layer changes, which are closely related to the buried depth of tunnels. The quasi-rectangular and circular tunnel excavation devices were independently designed and assembled, and transparent soil was used to simulate the surrounding soil layers. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to accurately measure the deformation of the soil layer, and the law of soil deformation induced by the dynamic construction of quasi-rectangular and circular tunnels at different buried depths was analyzed. Experimental comparison results elucidate that the sliding surfaces of the soil deformation induced by the two types of tunnels are basically the same, which roughly conforms to the vertical sliding surface assumption of Terzaghi’s theory. The sliding angle (θ) is approximately equal to 45°+φ/2. The vertical deformation of the overlying soil layer of the circular tunnel always maintains a “V” shaped normal distribution at different buried depths, indicating the presence of a maximum value. The vertical deformation of the overlying soil layer of the quasi-rectangular tunnel changes from a “V” shape to a “W” shape as the depth of the formation increases, indicating the existence of multiple maximum settlements. This suggests that rectangular tunnels result in more uniform ground deformations compared to circular tunnels. Under the same burial depth, the maximum surface settlement induced by the excavation of similar rectangular tunnels is smaller than that of circular tunnels, especially in shallow burial conditions. The difference between both two gradually decreases with the increase of buried depth. These findings can serve as references for the design and selection of construction schemes.
Editorial Department of China Journal of Highway and Transport. Review on China’s traffic tunnel engineering research:2022 [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2022, 35(4): 1-40. (in Chinese)
[3]
LIJ B. Key technologies and applications of the design and manufacturing of non-circular TBMs[J]. Engineering, 2017, 3(6): 905-914.
ZHANGC, XUZ W, LIUF X,et al .Numerical simulation of shield tunneling incorporating 3D spatial distribution of strata[J].Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences),2023,50(1):144-151.(in Chinese)
[6]
MAP, SHIMADAH, SASAOKAT,et al. Investigation on the engineering effects of the geometrical configuration of the jacking rectangular pipe[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2022,119:104239.
WEIG, ZHANGX H, XUY F .Deriving vertical displacement of ground due to quasi-rectangular shield tunneling considering multiple factors[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(1):199-208.(in Chinese)
[9]
ZENGB, MAR, HUANGD,et al .A unified method of predicting soil deformations induced by various shaped-section tunnelling in clays[J].Frontiers in Earth Science,2023,10:1031332.
[10]
SUNW X, HANF C, LIUH L,et al .Determination of minimum overburden depth for underwater shield tunnel in sands:comparison between circular and rectangular tunnels[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2023,15(7):1671-1686.
ZHANGZ G, FANGL, MAS K,et al .Experimental study on physical model of ground settlement caused by excavation of quasi-rectangular soft soil tunnel[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2020,57(Sup.1):762-771.(in Chinese)
[13]
ZHAOT C, DINGW Q, QIAOY F,et al. A large-scale synchronous grouting test for a quasi-rectangular shield tunnel:observation,analysis and interpretation[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2019,91:103018.
ZHANGF L, KOUX Y, HUANGJ .Application of Peck formula and its modified versions in ground settlement prediction during quasi-rectangular tunnelling[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2016,53(Sup.1): 189-194.(in Chinese)
YEY L, LUZ W .Impact of shallow-buried shield tunneling in sand-gravel strata on surface deformation[J]. Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University (Natural Science),2021,37(6):1064-1072.(in Chinese)
ZHANGJ W, XINGW H, JIANGS Q,et al .Experimental study on the effect of shallow tunnel construction on deformation of overlying strata[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2022,18(4): 1233-1240.(in Chinese)
[20]
MAS K, DUANZ B, HUANGZ, et al. Study on the stability of shield tunnel face in clay and clay-gravel stratum through large-scale physical model tests with transparent soil[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2022, 119: 104199.
[21]
AHMEDM, ISKANDERM .Analysis of tunneling-induced ground movements using transparent soil models[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2011,137(5):525-535.
[22]
ADS A, SHARIFUL ISLAMM, ISKANDERM .Longitudinal settlements during tunneling in soft clay,using transparent soil models[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2023, 136: 105042.
[23]
ZENGB, ZHUY C, YES Q, et al. Double-O-tube shield tunneling-induced soil displacement considering burial depth and convergence mode: transparent soil experiment and DEM simulation[J]. Frontiers in Earth Science, 2022, 10: 925356.
XUZ J, WANGY T, DUJ P,et al .Experimental study on vertical bearing capacity of necking pile assisted with transparent soil test[J].Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences),2022,49(7):214-221.(in Chinese)
[26]
LIUJ Y, ISKANDERM G .Modelling capacity of transparent soil[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2010,47(4):451-460.
[27]
ISKANDERM G, SADEKS, LIUJ Y .Optical measurement of deformation using transparent silica gel to model sand[J].International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics,2002,2(4):13-26.
[28]
TERZAGHIK .Theoretical soil mechanics[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,1943.
[29]
NIUZ L, CHENGY, ZHANGY W,et al .A new method for predicting ground settlement induced by pipe jacking construction[J].Mathematical Problems in Engineering,2020,2020:1681347.