To analyze the time effect of passive pile deformation under the action of surcharge load, this paper first introduces the fractional-order Merchant model to describe the creep characteristics of the soil. Then, based on the correspondence principle and Laplace transform, the Boussinesq viscoelastic solution is derived to calculate the additional horizontal stress induced by the load. The Terzaghi arching model is used to transfer the additional stress to the pile, obtaining the passive load on the pile due to the action of the load. Next, the pile is simplified as an Euler beam on a viscoelastic Pasternak foundation, and the differential equation calculating the deflection of the pile is established. The finite difference method and Laplace inverse transform are used to solve the equation. Subsequently, by comparing the results with existing experimental data, the feasibility of the method proposed in this paper is validated. Finally, the effects of fractional-order Merchant model parameters (elastic modulus Eh of Hooke body, elastic modulus Ek of Kelvin body, viscosity coefficient η, and fractional-order order α), surcharge load-pile horizontal distance, and surcharge load on pile horizontal displacement are analyzed. The analysis results show that the larger Eh is, the smaller the initial pile horizontal displacement is. The greater Ek is, the smaller the increment of pile horizontal displacement with time, and the greater η results in the longer time for the pile to reach the final deformation. The larger α is, the greater the viscosity of Kelvin body is. The smaller surcharge load-pile horizontal distance and larger load lead to larger horizontal displacement of piles. With increasing time, the sensitivity of pile horizontal displacement to Eh decreases, and the sensitivity of surcharge load-pile horizontal distance and surcharge load increases.
ZHAOM H, XIAOY, CHENC F,et al .Analysis of deformation on soft subsoil around bridge abutment considering soil creep property[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2006, 19(2):56-61.(in Chinese)
LIUD P, KUAIX C, ZHAOM H .3-D finite element analysis on pile-soil horizontal interaction of passive pile under soft soil movement action[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2008,21(4):18-24.(in Chinese)
KUAIX C, LIUD P, ZHAOM H .Analysis of pile-soil interaction under a surcharge load considering the contact behavior of interface[J].Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences),2006,33(6):21-24.(in Chinese)
[7]
ZHANGH, SHIM, YANGL,et al .A semianalytical solution for passively loaded piles adjacent to surcharge load[J].Advances in Civil Engineering,2020,2020:1-19.
LIANGF Y, LIY C, HUANGM S .Simplified method for laterally loaded piles based on Pasternak double-parameter spring model for foundations[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(Sup.1):300-304.(in Chinese)
ZHUM X, LUH Q, WANGL,et al .Research on lateral bearing capacity of pile foundation adjacentto surcharge loading on deep soft ground[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2017,50(Sup.1):374-383.(in Chinese)
LUJ F, WANGJ H, SHENW P .Theoretical study of horizontally loaded single pile in layered soil considering consolidation and rheology of soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(3):386-390.(in Chinese)
[14]
邓会元 .滨海吹填围垦区堆载作用下桩基承载特性研究[D].南京:东南大学,2021.
[15]
DENGH Y .Study on bearing characteristics of pile foundation under surcharge load in coastal reclamation area[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2021.(in Chinese)
[16]
ZHANGZ G, HUANGM S, ZHANGC P,et al .Time-domain analyses for pile deformation induced by adjacent excavation considering influences of viscoelastic mechanism[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2019, 85(3): 392-405.
JIANGJ, ZHANGT, OUX D,et al .Time effect analysis of foundation pit excavation on pile axial force and displacement in soft soil foundation[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2021,21(25):10880-10886.(in Chinese)
MINP, SHENY S, LINZ Z,et al .Analysis of horizontal deformation of existing adjacent single pile induced by surface surcharge with time-dependent mechanism[J].Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology),2022,53(8):3129-3143.(in Chinese)
JIANGJ, ZHANGT, OUX D,et al .Time-effect analysis on influence of excavation on adjacent pile deformation in soft soil[J].Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences),2022, 49(11):206-215.(in Chinese)
AIZ Y, YEZ K, LIUW J .Time-behavior of pile groups based on fractional derivative soil model[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2022,44(4):749-754.(in Chinese)
[25]
ITOT, MATSUIT .Methods to estimate lateral force acting on stabilizing piles[J].Soils and Foundations,1975,15(4):43-59.
ZHUM X, GONGW M, HEX Y,et al .Semi-analytical solution to deformation and internal force of passive piles under surcharge loads considering soil arching effect[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(11):1997-2008.(in Chinese)
LIZ C, LIANGZ R. Analysis of arching effect of lateral soil and calculation mode of passive pile[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(Sup.1):113-118.(in Chinese)
PENGW Z, ZHAOM H, YANGC W,et al .Modification of strain wedge model for soil resistance in front of piles in sloping ground[J].Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology),2020,51(7):1936-1945.(in Chinese)
HANT C, QIUZ Y, DOUH Q .Soil arching effect between anti-slide piles based on YADE discrete element method[J].Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology),2016, 47(8):2715-2722.(in Chinese)
[36]
陈文,孙洪广,李西成,等 .力学与工程问题的分数阶导数建模[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[37]
CHENW, SUNH G, LIX C, et al. Fractional derivative modeling of mechanics and engineering problems[M]. Beijing: Science Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[38]
B И 斯米尔诺夫. 高等数学教程[M]. 北京: 人民教育出版社, 1979.
[39]
И SMIRNOVB .Advanced mathematics course[M].Beijing:People’s Education Press,1979.(in Chinese)
ZHANGZ G, LUM H, GONGJ F .Time-domain solution for influence of excavation on adjacent pile deformation in visco-elastic foundation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(10):3017-3028.(in Chinese)
LID F, HUX W, ZHAOX Y,et al .Variation of horizontal arch height of granite residual soil slope in vertical direction[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2016,51(5):1024-1032.(in Chinese)
[44]
Code of practice for Strengthened/reinforced soils and other fills:BS 8006-1:2010 [S].London: British Standards Institution,2010.
CARLSONB O .Armerad Jord beräkningsprinciper för banker på pålar[J].Terranova,Distr.SGI,Linköping,1987.(in Swedish)
[47]
JENCKO, DIASD, KASTNERR .Two-dimensional physical and numerical modeling of a pile-supported earth platform over soft soil[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2007, 133(3): 295-305.
[48]
CHENR P, CHENY M, HANJ,et al .A theoretical solution for pile-supported embankments on soft soils under one-dimensional compression[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2008,45(5):611-623.
[49]
RUIR, VANTOL F, XIAX L,et al .Evolution of soil arching; 2D DEM simulations[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2016,73:199-209.
[50]
张红 .水平受荷单桩分析方法研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2012.
[51]
ZHANGH .Research on analysis method of single pile under lateral load[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2012.(in Chinese)
[52]
TANAHASHIH .Formulas for an infinitely long bernoulli-euler beam on the Pasternak model[J].Soils and Foundations,2004,44(5):109-118.
LIS L, WEIL M, FENGS Y,et al .Time-dependent interactions between passive piles and soft soils based on the extended Koppejan model[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2022,43(9):2602-2614.(in Chinese)
[55]
竺明星 .组合荷载作用下被动桩承载机理研究[D].南京:东南大学,2016.
[56]
ZHUM X .Research on bearing mechanism of passive pile under combined loads[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2016.(in Chinese)
LÜS Q, SUNK B, WANGS F,et al .Three-dimensional soil arching effect considering the influence of soil gravity stress on anti-slide pile[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology (Natural Science Edition),2021,53(4):510-517.(in Chinese)