To reduce the commonly high Neck Injury Criterion (NIC) and upper neck extension moment in the assessment of whip test injuries, based on the LS-DYNA finite element model and physical test results of a certain car seat, the basic structure and dynamic response under rear collision were first analyzed. A multi-rigid body dynamic analysis model for the seat whiplash test was established using the Mathematical Dynamic Model (MADYMO) software. Then, through the analysis of injury mechanisms and sensitivity analysis of the main design parameters of the seat, the main geometric structural parameters in the seat structure were determined, and a numerical model was established based on this. Finally, using multi-objective optimization algorithms, a corresponding optimization plan for seat whiplash resistance performance was obtained. The results showed that by adjusting the position of the seat frame crossbeam and headrest, the consistency of the passenger’s head and lower neck movement was improved, reducing the NIC by 58.5%, and the upper neck extension moment met the highest performance limit.
遗传算法收敛的优化方案中,主要的优化参数是头枕几何位置和上背部支撑位置的调整,前者向前调整29.9 mm,后者向后调整17.8 mm. 除了结构参数的调整,还须提高靠背扭转刚度、坐盆初始的转动刚度以及头枕杆的扭转刚度,且适当减小座椅整体的摩擦力. 座椅优化结果如图10所示,绿色部件为多体座椅模型优化的结构,头枕更靠近乘员头部,上背部支撑则远离乘员.
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基金资助
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFB2503404)
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2503404)