The Timoshenko beam model on a two-parameter foundation is presented for the flexural analysis of light type abutment in its self-plane. Its degenerating formulations and adaptability are discussed briefly. Based on the initial parameter solutions to the differential equation, the transfer matrix method is established for the Timoshenko beam on the two-parameter foundation. Based on the interpolation functions of the Timoshenko beam element, the finite element formulation of the Timoshenko beam on the two-parameter foundation is achieved. Numerical example results demonstrate that there are two phenomena found with the maximal moment position located on and deviating from the symmetrical center. Spatial finite element analyses of ANSYS are carried out and verify the phenomena. The variation laws of deformations and internal forces of the abutment in its self-plane are investigated along the tread width and non-uniformity of foundation. Given that the maximal moment position in the self-plane of light abutment deviates from the symmetrical center, the quantity is greater than that of the symmetrical center, and the moment at the symmetrical center is a local minimum, the current simplified method and design process with the center moment as the maximal result are suggested to be abandoned in many bridge engineering literature. The relevant theories need to be improved and refined. The unevenness of the foundation affects the deformations and inner forces in light abutment. The simple operation adopting the relevant parameters of the softest or the hardest foundations fails to achieve the maximum results, which is not safe for design practices.
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