In order to address the issues of long design cycles, high design complexity, and excessive reliance on engineer experience in traditional lightweight design of tractor chassis, an intelligent lightweight design method is proposed. Firstly chassis performance data is obtained through Design of Experiments (DOE) combined simulation. Then, the BS-TabNet model is constructed based on the TabNet algorithm, Bayesian optimization algorithm, and SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) theory. This model is used to learn from the chassis performance data and generate a surrogate model for the chassis. Finally, the Levy flight strategy is applied to improve the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA), resulting in the Levy Sparrow Search Algorithm (LSSA), which is used to solve the lightweight design task and find the optimal structural parameters for the chassis. Compared with traditional machine learning algorithms, the BS-TabNet model shows higher accuracy, stability, and interpretability. Its accuracy reaches around 0.98, stability is improved by over 50%, and it has stronger interpretability, addressing the poor performance of deep learning on tabular data. Compared with traditional swarm intelligence optimization algorithms, the LSSA algorithm can obtain better optimization results. While meeting other performance requirements, it achieves a 5.64% reduction in chassis weight. The intelligent lightweight design method combines artificial intelligence with chassis lightweight design, and it can save a significant amount of design time and improve design efficiency.
XUX H. Topology optimization and finite element analysis of DL4100 vehicle[D]. Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology, 2013:1-9.(in Chinese)
[3]
FORSBERGJ, NILSSONL. On polynomial response surfaces and Kriging for use in structural optimization of crashworthiness[J]. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2005, 29(3): 232-243.
[4]
FORSBERGJ, NILSSONL. Evaluation of response surface methodologies used in crashworthiness optimization [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2006, 32(5): 759-777.
WANGH, LIG Y, LIE Y, et al. Study of optimization for absorbing energy member of automobile based on response surface method.[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2007, 19(16): 3824-3829.(in Chinese)
[7]
LIH, LIUZ, ZHUP. An improved multi-objective optimization algorithm with mixed variables for automobile engine hood lightweight design [J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2021, 35: 2073-2082.
[8]
ZHUF, LOGAKANNANK. Crash safety design for lithium-ion vehicle battery module with machine learning[J]. SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility, 2022, 4(5): 1667-1677.
[9]
MISICV V. Optimization of tree ensembles[J]. Operations Research, 2020, 68(5): 1605-1624.
[10]
ARIKS Ö, PFISTERT. Tabnet: Attentive interpretable tabular learning[C]//Proceedings of the Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California USA: AAAI Press, Palo Alto, 2021,35(8):6679-6687.
[11]
YANJ Z, XUT Y, YUY C, et al. Rainfall forecast model based on the tabnet model [J]. Water, 2021, 13(9): 1272.
WANGK, DOWLINGA W. Bayesian optimization for chemical products and functional materials [J]. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, 2022, 36: 100728.
GUT, XUG L, LIW L, et al. Intelligent house price evaluation model based on ensemble LightGBM and Bayesian optimization strategy [J]. Computer Applications, 2020, 40(9): 2762-2767.(in Chinese)
[16]
DUL, GAOR, SUGANTHANP N, et al. Bayesian optimization based dynamic ensemble for time series forecasting [J]. Information Sciences, 2022, 591: 155-175.
[17]
LUNDERGS M, LEES I. A unified approach to interpreting model predictions[J]. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2017, 30: 4765-4774.
[18]
XUEJ K, SHENB. A novel swarm intelligence optimization approach: sparrow search algorithm [J]. Systems Science & Control Engineering, 2020, 8(1): 22-34.
[19]
MAOX J, SONGS J, DINGF. Optimal BP neural network algorithm for state of charge estimation of lithium-ion battery using PSO with Levy flight [J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2022, 49: 104139.
[20]
葛平莹. 基于有限元法的半挂牵引车驾驶室降噪研究[D]. 镇江: 江苏大学, 2016:1-46.
[21]
GEP Y. Reducing noise of tractor-trailer cab based on finite element method.[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University, 2016:1-46.(in Chinese)
GAOJ B. Lightweight optimization design of commercial vehicle frame based on performance driven[D]. Changchun:Jilin University, 2021: 1-29.(in Chinese)