The existing vehicle adaptive cruise control mostly focuses on a single trajectory tracking target, and the key to determin the practical application benefit of the control technology is the energy-saving performance of the system. In order to ensure the tracking error's convergence and fuel economy at the same time, this paper studies a design method forof vehicle energy-saving adaptive cruise controller. Firstly, a state feedback control law with time-varying feedback gains is designed with trajectory tracking as the goal. Secondly, taking the feedback gain as the optimization variable and the accumulation of the fuel consumption per unit displacement of the own vehicle at each sampling time in the entire prediction time domain as the cost function, an energy-saving control algorithm is designed based on the economic model predictive control method, and the selection range of the feedback gain to ensure that the tracking error converges at an exponential speed is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the controller design is verified by numerical simulations, and the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper in reducing fuel consumption is quantitatively demonstrated.
自适应巡航控制通常使用传感器来获取前方车辆的状态信息,如毫米波雷达和激光雷达等,但是由于传感器的测量误差和噪声等因素的影响,所获取到的状态信息可能存在一定的误差,尤其是前方车辆加速度无法精确量测.前方车辆的运动状态变化会对后方车辆控制系统稳定性和安全性造成较大影响.因此有些研究对前车的加速度进行了简化处理,直接假设领航车辆在预测时域内以匀速或匀加速度行驶,如文献[19-22].此外还有些研究利用预测方程进行计算,常见的方法有非线性自回归(Nonlinear Auto Regressive, NAR)模型[16]和马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛(Markov Chain Monte Carlo, MCMC)仿真[27]等.Morlock等[28]利用交通历史数据,设计了基于高斯过程(Gaussian Process, GP)的未来交通流速度预测方法.上述预测方法的准确度均较低,易导致实际控制精度不理想.
本小节将节能自适应巡航控制算法1,经济模型预测控制算法(Economic Model Predictive Control, EMPC)与两个基准算法的控制性能作对比,验证所提出算法在提高燃油经济性方面的效果.基准算法1为静态反馈增益控制算法(Static Feedback Gain Control, SFGC),即被设置为固定值1.25;基准算法2参考文献[44],设置为以跟踪为目标的模型预测控制算法(Tracking-oriented Model Predictive Control, TMPC),其最优控制问题阶段代价函数设置如下:
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