DC transmission lines usually take large inductance and DC filters as the boundary. When a fault traveling wave undergoes refraction and reflection at the boundary, its traveling wave energy will also be absorbed due to the inductance and DC filters, resulting in the difference of high-frequency traveling wave energy within and outside the region. When the positive direction fault occurs, the energy of the high-frequency forward traveling wave is less than that of the high-frequency backward traveling wave. When the opposite direction fault occurs, the energy of the high-frequency forward traveling wave is greater than that of the high-frequency backward traveling wave. Based on this feature, a pilot directional protection based on the difference of high-frequency energy of forward and backward traveling waves is proposed that uses the wavelet packet transform algorithm to extract the high-frequency energy of the traveling wave, and uses the difference of the high-frequency energy of the forward and backward traveling waves to distinguish the faults inside and outside the area. The simulation results show that the protection can quickly and accurately identify faults, and is not affected by fault type, transition resistance, fault location distance, and noises. It has certain practicability.
现如今,输电网络正快速发展,在我国,各种资源如煤炭、水能等主要集中在西部地区,而东部地区又是用电负荷的主要集中地区,这种分布的不均衡性使得“西电东送”的政策应运而生[1].在这种长距离输送情况下,高压直流输电传输容量大,传输损耗小,便成为了研究的热点[2].传统高压直流输电主要是基于电网换相换流器高压直流输电(Line Commutated Converter Based High Voltage Direct CurrentTransmission,LCC-HVDC),虽然这种直流技术建设成本低,但容易出现换相失败的问题.为应对这种问题,便诞生了一种基于模块化多电平换流器型高压直流输电(Modular Multilevel Converter Based High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission,MMC-HVDC).这种直流输电功率控制灵活,不存在换相失败的问题[3-4].同时,为降低成本,减小占地面积,并且综合LCC-HVDC与MMC-HVDC的优势,便兴起了混合直流输电系统.但在目前世界上的混合直流输电系统实际工程中,除了广泛应用的混合双端和混合多端直流输电系统,仅在挪威和丹麦之间存在一条混合四极直流输电系统,目前尚没有混合双极直流输电系统实际工程,针对混合双极直流输电系统的研究较少,技术还不是很成熟[5].相比于混合四极直流输电系统,混合双极直流输电系统成本较低,占地面积小,经济性好.因此,寻找一种合适的混合双极直流输电保护方法来保障输电系统的安全平稳运行是很有必要的.
由图3可知,以整流侧发生反方向故障为例,行波传输首先到达整流侧,并在平波电抗器处发生折射和反射,此时保护安装处检测到的主要为前行波qM,即初始行波通过边界大电感和直流滤波器后的折射波.此行波继续传输到达逆变侧作为逆变侧反行波fN,并在逆变侧发生折反射,随后逆变侧的反射波作为逆变侧前行波qN继续传播到达整流侧,作为整流侧反行波fM,故在此时间段内整流侧保护安装处检测到的反行波很小,因此整流侧检测到的前行波幅值大于反行波幅值,即| q |>| f |.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51777166)
National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(51777166)
国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目(52061635105)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC-UKRI_EPSRC)(52061635105)
国家电网有限公司总部科技项目(52094020006U)
Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(52094020006U)