针对双三相永磁同步电机模型预测共模电压抑制方法存在寻优计算量大、开关频率较高、稳态性能不佳的问题,提出一种改进型模型预测电流控制.首先,改进六相两电平逆变器,降低零矢量共模电压幅值;其次,选择小共模电压矢量构造虚拟电压矢量,简化价值函数的同时减小共模电压和电流谐波含量;再次,通过计算参考电压矢量直接选择最优电压矢量以减少寻优次数,并引入占空比控制提升电机控制精度,改善电机稳态性能.最后,仿真对比传统模型预测电流控制、RCMV(Reduced Common Mode Voltage)-1、RCMV-2和所提控制方法.结果表明,所提控制方法在减小共模电压的同时,降低了转矩脉动和谐波电流,且较RCMV-2方法开关频率明显降低;此外,寻优代码执行时间相较于RCMV-1和RCMV-2分别降低了约91%和65%,减小了计算量.
Abstract
An improved model prediction current control is proposed to address the disadvantages of the model predictive common-mode voltage suppression method for double-three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors, including the size of the optimization calculation, high switching frequency, and poor steady-state performance. Firstly, the six-phase two-level inverter is improved for reducing the common-mode voltage of zero-vectors. Secondly, the virtual voltage vector is constructed by choosing small common-mode voltage vectors, which simplifies the value function and reduces the common-mode voltage and current harmonics. Then, the optimal voltage vector is directly selected by calculating the reference voltage vector to reduce the number of optimization-seeking times, and the duty cycle control is introduced to enhance the motor control accuracy and steady-state performance. Finally, the traditional model predictive current control, RCMV (reduced common mode voltage)-1, RCMV-2, and the proposed control method are simulated and compared. The results show that the proposed control method reduces the torque pulsations and harmonic currents while decreases the common-mode voltage, and the switching frequency is significantly lower than that of the RCMV-2 method. In addition, the execution time of the optimization-seeking code is reduced by about 91% and 65% compared with RCMV-1 and RCMV-2, respectively, which reduces the computational amount.
双三相电机存在谐波平面,易产生较大谐波电流,同时多相逆变器可以输出更多的电压矢量,如何控制谐波平面以及快速选择最优电压矢量是双三相电机系统亟待解决的问题.矢量控制可以控制谐波平面,但需要进行更多的PI调节器参数整定较为复杂[4];直接转矩控制可根据开关表快速选择电压矢量,但无法抑制谐波电流,且选择的未必是最优电压矢量,从而影响电机的稳态性能.模型预测控制(Model Predictive Control,MPC)因其可实现多目标控制以及依据价值函数寻优的特点,为解决上述问题供了新思路.传统模型预测控制(Traditional Model Predictive Current Control, TMPCC)在价值函数中增加谐波电流项权重系数[5],实现谐波电流抑制,但权重系数的选择缺乏理论基础,若增加算法对权重系数进行寻优势必会增加控制器计算负担[6-7].文献[8-9]利用虚拟电压矢量抑制谐波电流,避免了权重系数的选择,然而多个虚拟电压矢量的遍历寻优仍会产生不小计算负担.宋文祥等[10]将转矩控制和模型预测结合,使寻优次数减少为4次.
然而,上述研究均未考虑逆变器驱动电机产生的共模电压问题.共模电压会使得电机系统电磁干扰加剧,导致控制电路以及电气设备产生误动作[11-12].除此之外,共模电压产生的轴电压和轴电流会损坏电机绝缘、腐蚀电机轴承,影响电机使用寿命[13-14],因此,需要抑制驱动系统产生的共模电压.现有研究减少共模电压主要通过两种方式,其一是使用无源或有源滤波器[15-16],但额外的硬件电路会增加系统的成本与体积;另一种方式则是改变控制策略.Un等[17]和Lai等[18]通过脉宽调制的方法抑制共模电压,但Un等的研究会影响电压调制比[17],Lai等的研究会使开关频率增加[18].就MPC而言,可以在代价函数中增加共模电压权重系数[19](Reduced Common Mode Voltage, RCMV-1),此方法需对电流谐波和共模电压权重系数配合调整,使得权重系数的选择更加复杂.因此,通常采取弃用产生较大共模电压矢量的方法抑制共模电压.徐质闲等[20]利用三电平逆变器的零共模电压矢量控制电机,抑制了共模电压,却需另外引入中点电位平衡权重系数.对于两电平逆变器抑制共模电压,应避免零矢量的选取[21-22].Yu等[21]和孙全增等[22]分别针对五相和双三相电机,利用非零矢量合成虚拟电压矢量控制电机,简化代价函数的同时减小了共模电压(RCMV-2),但两者均采用对固定幅值电压矢量集寻优的方法,使得电机稳态控制精度不高、转矩脉动增大,同时还需进行多次寻优计算.此外,为提升电机稳态控制精度,还合成了虚拟零矢量加入控制集,使得开关频率升高[21-22].
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