Aiming at the vibration frequency of automotive powertrain systems with problems such as multiple orders and narrow vibration bands of a single order, this paper proposes a multi-frequency line spectrum notch-filter vibration active control method based on the filtered-x least mean square algorithm. First, the method is based on the rotational speed signal to obtain the reference signals of multiple order vibration frequencies, and then the minimum mean square filter is used to calculate the offset signals of these order vibration frequencies. Secondly, based on the orthogonality of the vibration signals at different frequencies, the method further calculates the control signals with linear superposition to obtain the control signals of active suspension and eventually realizes the active control of multi-frequency line spectral vibration. Compared with the traditional filtered-x least-mean-square algorithm, this algorithm improves the acquisition of reference and control signals and thus has the advantages of less computation and faster convergence speed. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method reduces both the number of convergence by 81.25% and the steady-state error by 15%, respectively, compared with the traditional filtered-x least-mean-square algorithm. The maximum reduction is 34.01 dB under idling condition and 17.5 dB under WOT condition, respectively, compared with the traditional filtered-x least mean square algorithm.
为了解决这一难题,学者们基于滤波-x最小均方(filtered-x least mean square, FxLMS)算法开展了大量研究,这类算法往往不依赖于高精度的本构模型[15],对单一阶次噪声抑制效果较好[16-17],并且资源消耗较少.但在发动机振动中具有多阶次频率且每个阶次振动频带较窄[18]的情况下,如果仅对某一个阶次的振动进行抑制,对整体的减振性能改善较差,所以如何同时抑制多频线谱的振动成为值得研究的内容之一.而且对多频振动问题一般采用频域自适应滤波方式[19],在带来较大运算量的同时也降低了系统对动态变化工况的控制效果.
在振动传递通道模型中,幅值和相位的变化都会直接影响控制器的性能,因此还需利用次级通道估计模型对参考信号进行滤波.在本文中次级通道估计模型被认为是不同频率的振动在传播过程中的幅值衰减特性和相位滞后特性,这两种特性可利用幅值衰减系数α和相位滞后角Δφ进行表示.这两种特性与振动频率和传播路径相关.该次级通道估计模型通过窄带扫频激励和最小均方算法(least mean square, LMS)算法离线辨识获得.因此,经从第b个作动器到第q个传感器的次级通道滤波后的第n个时刻的第i阶振动对应的参考信号值即为:
QINY C, TANGX L, JIAT,et al .Noise and vibration suppression in hybrid electric vehicles:state of the art and challenges[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2020,124: 109782.
LIW Z, MAOH K, LÜH .A reliability analysis method for powertrain mounting systems of electric vehicles[J].Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences),2023,50(4):55-64.(in Chinese)
[4]
SIZ Y, BAIX F, QIANL J,et al .Principle and control of active engine mount based on magnetostrictive actuator[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 35(1): 146.
[5]
FALLAHIF, SHABANIR, REZAZADEHG, et al .A modified design for hydraulic engine mount to improve its vibrational performance[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part C:Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,2021, 235(23): 6724-6736.
[6]
YÜCESANA, MUGANA T .Development and control of an active torsional vibration damper for vehicle powertrains[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part K:Journal of Multi-body Dynamics, 2021, 235(3): 452-464.
[7]
WANGP, FANR L, XINGZ Y,et al. Miniaturised structure design,modelling and simulation process for active engine mounts[J]. International Journal of Simulation and Process Modelling,2021,16(1): 66.
[8]
KIMS H, PARKU H, KIMJ H .Voice coil actuated (VCA) engine mount for vibration reduction in automobile[J].International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2020, 21(3):771-777.
[9]
WUQ F, WANGP, FEIZ N,et al .Linearisation modelling and active performance simulation of active engine mounts with an oscillating coil actuator for automotive powertrain[J].International Journal of Vehicle Design,2021,85(2/3/4):178.
[10]
AIKHUELED O .Note on the modelling of the frequency response of an engine mount based on the engine vibration[J].The European Physical Journal Plus, 2021, 136(7): 727.
[11]
FANR L, FEIZ N. Identification of dynamic parameters and frequency response properties of active hydraulic mount with oscillating coil actuator:theory and experiment[J]. Applied Sciences, 2022, 12(17): 8547.
LIJ, JIAC W, CHENGL H,et al .State feedback H∞ control for active suspension of electric vehicles on pulse road[J].Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences),2022,49(8):12-20.(in Chinese)
[14]
ZHANGH H, SHIW K, KEJ,et al .A review on model and control of electromagnetic active engine mounts[J].Shock and Vibration, 2020(1): 4289281.
[15]
FANR L, WANGP, HANC, et al. Summarisation,simulation and comparison of nine control algorithms for an active control mount with an oscillating coil actuator[J]. Algorithms, 2021, 14(9): 256.
[16]
CHENZ M, WANGH, LAIC G .Research on hierarchical control strategy of electromagnetic active mounting system[J].International Journal of Vehicle Performance,2021,7(1/2):41.
[17]
BALAJIP S, KARTHIK SELVAKUMARK. Applications of nonlinearity in passive vibration control:a review[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering & Technologies, 2021, 9(2): 183-213.
[18]
CHANGK J, PARKD C, LEEY S. Active noise control using a body-mounted vibration actuator to enhance the interior sound of vehicle[J]. International Journal of Automotive Technology,2022,23(2): 327-333.
[19]
CHENGY B, GEP Y, CHENS M,et al .A novel multi-gradient direction FxLMS algorithm with output constraint for active noise control[J]. INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings, 2022, 264(1): 951-962.
LIUS W, WANGL D, YANGG L,et al .Research on active mount vibration control for vehicle engines based on MFXLMS algorithm[J].Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering,2023,13(2):210-217.(in Chinese)
[24]
MITSCHKEM .Influence of the engine on the vehicle vibration[M]//The Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and on Tracks.London: CRC Press, 2021: 265-274.
PAND Y, GAOQ Z, LIK L,et al .Integrated control of vehicle engine mounting system and suspension system[J].Machinery Design & Manufacture, 2022, 378(8): 12-17.(in Chinese)
[27]
LIT, WANGM Q, HEY Y,et al .Vehicle engine noise cancellation based on a multi-channel fractional-order active noise control algorithm[J].Machines, 2022, 10(8): 670.
基金资助
湖南省科技创新计划项目(2023RC1047)
The Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023RC1047)