When the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signal is unavailable, the performance of GNSS/inertial navigation system (INS) integrated navigation system significantly degrades, which leads to the rapid divergence of INS errors of UAV swarms. At present, the neural network model is used to predict the position and speed instead of GNSS navigation information to correct the positioning error of the INS. However, this method suffers from high positioning errors and a sharp decline in prediction accuracy when the trajectory changes suddenly. Therefore, a position and velocity prediction method based on convolution neural networks (CNN) -bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM) joint residual compensation model is proposed to compensate for inertial navigation errors and improve position and velocity positioning accuracy. Firstly, aiming at the problem of high positioning error of GNSS/INS integrated navigation system after GNSS denial, a time series prediction network is formed by fusing CNN and BiLSTM to train and establish the relationship between inertial measurement unit (IMU) dynamics measurement and GNSS information, so as to realize position and speed prediction. Secondly, aiming at the problem that the prediction effect drops sharply when the trajectory changes abruptly,CNN-BiLSTM is used again to mine the relationship between the IMU dynamics measurement, prediction value and prediction residual, and to predict and compensate the prediction residual. Simulation results show that the proposed model outperforms traditional CNN-LSTM and LSTM network models in terms of prediction accuracy, effectiveness, and stability.
在此实验中,测试CBL-RC算法针对单个无人机位置与速度预测性能,无人机飞行轨迹为巡航路径,飞行速度约为18 m/s,转弯角度为180°,转弯时间持续25 s;无人机飞行轨迹与GNSS拒止阶段路径如图7所示,其中,红色虚线表示GNSS拒止时直线飞行阶段,蓝色虚线表示GNSS拒止时轨迹突变阶段,整体失效时间约为60 s.
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