To improve the efficiency of modeling and analysis of wooden architectural heritage built by the government in Ming and Qing Dynasties, a parameterized method of multi-semantic model to achieve simultaneous generation of architectural and structural models is studied in this paper. Firstly, the basic components of wooden architectural heritage built by government in Ming and Qing dynasties were classified, and the information flow between building models and structural models was organized. Grasshopper was used for secondary development to complete the basic building component database. Then, the national key cultural relic protection unit,i.e. Beijing Deshengmen Arrow Tower, was used as an example, and a structural analysis model was automatically generated through the basic component database. The structural safety analysis was conducted automatically. The research results indicate that the proposed method can simultaneously generate building models for detailed display and structural models that can be directly used for computational analysis. The research results provide a theoretical and scientific foundation for the digital preventive protection of architectural heritage.
BIM(建筑信息模型)是一种实现将结构信息同步到建筑模型上的有效方法[1]. HBIM(historic building information model,历史建筑信息模型)这一概念由Murphy等[2]提出,从测量学的角度出发,将建筑构件参数化设计与激光扫描数据和图像勘察数据进行映射分析.随后对HBIM建筑建模[3]和智能化虚拟展示[4]进行了探讨. Logothetis等[5]总结了HBIM的工作流程:数据采集、结构细节鉴别、创建参数化构件库、构件库与扫描数据映射、生成勘察图纸、点云文件映射. Banfi等[6]从数据采集工作入手,关注如何减少测量和扫描的时间来提高整个流程的工作效率. Esponda等[7]通过对劳伦琴山脉木屋进行历史研究,采用数字技术对整体工作进行记录分析.
从位移结果来看,箭楼在X、Y、Z方向上的位移最大值分别为3.37 mm、15.43 mm、44.52 mm. X方向位移结果呈现出对称性;而Y方向上的位移最大值出现在二檩雨搭部分,其在雨搭和庑座部分缺少砖砌体墙,局部刚度较弱,因此发生了侧向变形;在静力荷载工况下,起主导作用的是竖向位移,此时位移最大值出现在楼面楞木,其主要原因在于楼面楞木跨度较大,且构件截面尺寸较小.
WANGJ, YOUH Y, YANGQ S, et al. Research and application progress of BIM technology in smart monitoring of infrastructure[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition),2022,50(8):105-116.(in Chinese)
[3]
MURPHYM, MCGOVERNE, PAVIAS. Historic building information modelling (HBIM)[J]. Structural Survey, 2009, 27(4): 311-327.
[4]
MURPHYM, MCGOVERNE, PAVIAS. Historic building information modelling-adding intelligence to laser and image based surveys of European classical architecture[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2013, 76:89-102.
[5]
MURPHYM, CORNSA, CAHILLJ,et al .Developing historic building information modelling guidelines and procedures for architectural heritage in Ireland[J].The International Archives of the Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,2017,XLII-2/W5:539-546.
[6]
LOGOTHETISS, DELINASIOUA, STYLIANIDISE .Building information modelling for cultural heritage:a review[J].ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,2015,II-5/W3:177-183.
[7]
BANFIF,FAI S, BRUMANAR .Bim automation:advanced modeling generative process for complex structures[J].ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,2017,IV-2/W2:9-16.
[8]
ESPONDAM, PIRAINOF, STANGAC,et al. Log houses in Les Laurentides. From oral tradition to an integrated digital documentation based on the rediscovery of the traditional constructive-geographical ‘repertoires’ through digital BIM data archive[J].ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,2017,IV-2/W2:75-82.
SUNW C .Design of information model system of ancient buildings based on Revit Architecture[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2012.(in Chinese)
[11]
李舒静 .信息化测绘背景下基于BIM技术的建筑遗产信息采集与表达[D].天津:天津大学,2014.
[12]
LIS J .Information collection and expression of architectural heritage based on BIM technology under the background of informatization surveying and mapping[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2014.(in Chinese)
WANGR, SUNW X, ZHANGX. Research on parametric information model of ancient buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasties[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2013, 45(4): 479-486.(in Chinese)
WANGR, ZHANGX, HANT T .Research on building economic indicators system and evaluation methods of ancient architecture protection scheme based on BIM[J].Construction Economy,2014,35(6):110-114.(in Chinese)
WANGR, ZHANGX, HANT T .Research on the standardization and quantification extraction of ancient building component information based on BIM[J]. Journal of Information Technology in Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2014, 6(1):25-28.(in Chinese)
ZHANGX .Research on parameterization and assembly of official ancient buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties based on BIM[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2015.(in Chinese)
HANT T .Research on parametric design and implementation technology of component library of ancient buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties based on BIM[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2016.(in Chinese)
TANJ, WANGM L, WANGJ H .Research on the protected of ancient building by parametric design technology—Qing Dynasty architecture for example[J].Sichuan Building Science, 2010, 36(3): 266-268.(in Chinese)
ZHOUQ, YANW M, GUANH Z,et al .Study on seismic performance of Taihe Hall in the Forbidden City under rare earthquake[J].Journal of Building Structures,2014,35(Sup.1):25-32.(in Chinese)
GAOD F, LIUJ W, ZHANGS Z,et al .Analysis on dynamic characteristics of Xi’an Dongyue Temple[J].Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,2009,7(2):36-38.(in Chinese)
XUEJ Y, ZHANGF L, ZHAOH T,et al. Dynamic analysis model of monolayer hall-style ancient timber structure[J]. Journal of Building Structures,2012,33(8):135-142.(in Chinese)
LIUY, YANGJ .Structural analysis and modeling simplification of Liao-dynasty structures in Dule Temple[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition),2007,37(5):887-891.(in Chinese)
[33]
王毅欣 .古建筑木塔结构线弹性有限元分析[D].长沙:湖南大学,2013.
[34]
WANGY X .Linear elastic finite element analysis of ancient wooden tower structure[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2013.(in Chinese)
[35]
LIY H, DENGY, LIA Q .Simplified simulation method for hysteretic behavior of wood brackets[J].Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 2021, 35(6): 04021085.
GAOD F, DINGX J, CAOP N .Structural characteristics analysis of timber ornamental gate in Xi’an Great Mosque[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2011,44(6):497-503.(in Chinese)
[38]
陈志勇 .应县木塔典型节点及结构受力性能研究[D].哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2011.
[39]
CHENZ Y .Study on mechanical properties of typical joints and structures of Yingxian Wooden Tower[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2011.(in Chinese)
[40]
POLYAKOVS V. On the Interactions between masonry filler walls and enclosing frame when loaded in the plane of the wall[M]. Moscow: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, 1956.
[41]
HOLMESM. Steel frames with brickwork and concrete infilling[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 1961, 19(4): 473-478.
[42]
PAULAYT, PRIESTLYM J N. Seismic design of reinforced concrete and masonry buildings[M]. New York:Wiley-Interscience, 1992.
[43]
BUONOPANES G, WHITER N. Pseudodynamic testing of masonry infilled reinforced concrete frame[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering,1999,125(6):578-589.
[44]
CRISAFULLIF J, CARRA J, PARKR .Analytical modelling of infilled frame structures[J].Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering,2000,33(1):30-47.
[45]
FIOREA, NETTIA, MONACOP .The influence of masonry infill on the seismic behaviour of RC frame buildings[J]. Engineering Structures,2012,44:133-145.
[46]
EL-DAKHAKHNIW W, ELGAALYM, HAMIDA A .Three-strut model for concrete masonry-infilled steel frames[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering,2003,129(2):177-185.
DENGH Y, SUNB T .Equivalent diagonal bracing model of a frame-filled wall[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2017, 48(2) :440-447.(in Chinese)
HUAY W, CHUNQ. Research on a seismic strengthening method for the bridgehead of Nanjing Yangtze River bridge:mechanical behaviors of seismic strengthening of the bridgehead[J]. Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2020,32(6):104-111.(in Chinese)
CHUNQ, HUAY W, ZHANGC W,et al .Research on model updating methods of traditional timber buildings in the Yangtze River Region—a case study of Jindai Building[J]. Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences),2019,46(5):54-63.(in Chinese)
[55]
AL-CHAARG .Evaluating strength and stiffness of unreinforced masonry infill structures [R]. US Army Corps of Engineers,2002.
LIZ M, ZHOUQ. Wisdom of application of tenon-mortise connection in ancient buildings in Forbidden City[J]. Architecture Technology, 2020, 51(2): 252-256.(in Chinese)
[58]
XIEQ F, ZHANGL P, WANGL,et al .Lateral performance of traditional Chinese timber frames:experiments and analytical model[J].Engineering Structures,2019,186:446-455.
[59]
LINY J, CHUNQ, ZHANGC W,et al .Research on seismic performance of traditional Chinese hall-style timber buildings in the Song and Yuan Dynasties (960-1368 AD):a case study of the main hall of Baoguo Temple[J].Journal of Wood Science,2022,68(1): 1.
[60]
CHUNQ, YUEZ, PANJ W .Experimental study on seismic characteristics of typical mortise-tenon joints of Chinese southern traditional timber frame buildings[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2011, 54(9): 2404-2411.
CHUNQ, PANJ W, HANY D .Research on mechanical properties of ban mortise-tenon joint of the traditional timber buildings in the South Yangtze River regions[J]. Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences), 2016, 43(1): 124-131.(in Chinese)
[63]
ZHANGC W, CHUNQ, LENGJ W, et al. Optimal placement method of multi-objective and multi-type sensors for courtyard-style timber historical buildings based on Meta-genetic algorithm[J].Structural Health Monitoring, 2024, 23(3): 1468-1497.
基金资助
江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2022833)
Key Research and Development Projects of Jiangsu Province(BE2022833)