To investigate the distribution patterns of the temperature field, residual stress field, and deformation field in welded joints of steel bridges, a 3D finite element model of a butt weld in a 16 mm-thick bridge steel plate was established using finite element software. The accuracy of the model was verified through the blind-hole method experimental data. Based on this validated model, the distribution characteristics of the temperature field, residual stress field, and deformation field in the welded components were further analyzed. Additionally, an initial crack was introduced into the weldment to explore the impact of initial defects and welding residual stress on the fatigue life of the weld. The study results indicate that along the direction perpendicular to the weld seam, the longitudinal residual stress exhibits a tensile-compressive distribution. Within the 60 mm heat-affected zone near the weld, tensile stress is predominant, with a peak value of 415 MPa, exceeding the yield strength of the material. As the distance from the heat-affected zone increases, the longitudinal tensile residual stress transitions to compressive stress. The transverse residual stress reaches its peak value of 205 MPa at the weld toe. Under unconstrained conditions, the welding-induced deformation presents as typical out-of-plane angular distortion, with deformation at each measurement point increasing linearly with distance from the weld seam center. The maximum deformation occurs at the outer edge of the weldment, measuring 14.58 mm. Even small residual stresses, regardless of their state, influence fatigue life. Residual tensile-compressive stresses of 3% and 8% result in a decrease of 16.7% and an increase of 68.4% in fatigue life, respectively. Residual tensile stress leads to a reduction in fatigue life as stress increases, but the rate of reduction gradually diminishes. When the tensile/compressive stress values are comparable, compressive stress has a far greater impact on fatigue life than tensile stress. During the prefabrication of actual components, methods such as pre-deformation should be employed to control the deformation of the weldment, while post-weld surface treatment techniques should be used to manage residual tensile stress, thereby improving material fatigue life and extending the service life of the structure.
ZHANGX, LIUR, RUANL H,et al .Review on noise radiated by railway steel bridges[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2019,41(1):126-137.(in Chinese)
[3]
GUY, LIY D, QIANGB,et al .Welding distortion prediction based on local displacement in the weld plastic zone[J].Welding in the World,2017,61(2): 333-340.
GUY, FENGQ, RENS B,et al .Effects of welding residual stresses on fatigue crack growth behavior of butt joint[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2021,18(10):2752-2760.(in Chinese)
[6]
FISHERJ W. Improved performance through large scale dynamic testing of structures[C]//Proceedings ⅡW International Conference on Performance of Dynamically Loaded Welded Structures. New York: Welding Research Council, 1997.
QIANGB, LIY D, GUY,et al .Numerical analysis and experimental verification on welding residual stress and deformation of butt weld plate for steel bridge[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2017,39(9):134-139.(in Chinese)
QIANGB, LIY D, GUY,et al .Experimental study on welding residual stress spatial distribution in thick plate for main member of steel truss bridge[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2019,41(3):128-133.(in Chinese)
WANGQ, YANZ J, LIUX S,et al .A novel method for evaluation of welding residual stress redistribution during fatigue crack growth[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2019,40(7): 139-142.(in Chinese)
GUAND Q, DINGX Z, PANY R .A method for predicting the total fatigue life of welded joints considering residual stress[J].Journal of Changsha University of Science and Technology (Natural Science),2020,17(3):15-21.(in Chinese)
[17]
LÜN C, WANGM H, HAOG D,et al .Finite element analysis of residual welding stresses and deformation for a 5A06 aluminum alloy plate[J].Strength of Materials,2020,52(4):532-538.
HEZ G, LINP Z, LIUY L .Local stress analysis in welding area of U-rib of steel deck considering welding residual stress[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2020,52(4):132-140.(in Chinese)
CUIC, BUY Z, LIJ,et al .Distribution characteristics of welding residual stress at U deck-to-rib connection detail of steel box girder[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2018,53(2):260-265.(in Chinese)
[22]
HUM J, LIK J, CAIZ P,et al .A new weld material model used in welding analysis of narrow gap thick-walled welded rotor[J].Journal of Manufacturing Processes,2018,34:614-624.
[23]
LIC X, JIB H, YAOY .Stress biaxiality-based residual stress assessment in welded T-joints using the blind-hole method[J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2024,216:108610.
[24]
KENDALLO, PARADOWSKAA, ABRAHAMSR,et al .Residual stress measurement techniques for metal joints,metallic coatings and components in the railway industry:a review[J].Materials,2023,16(1): 232.
[25]
SHAOZ Y, ZHANGC C, LIY K,et al .A review of non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques for residual stress profiling of metallic components in aircraft engines[J].Aerospace,2022,9(10):534.
HUANGG, ZHANGQ D, WANGC H,et al .Experimental research on the blind hole-drilling method for measuring residual stress of steel plate[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2020, 41(9): 49-59.(in Chinese)
JIW, LIUY .Welding residual stress distribution and experimental verification of corrugated steel web girders[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2024,59(2):289-297.(in Chinese)
FENGR, WANGL, LUW Q,et al .Numerical simulation of temperature field of flux bands constrained arc welding T-joint[J].Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology,2022,48(5):1-7.(in Chinese)
[32]
DENGD A, MURAKAWAH .Prediction of welding distortion and residual stress in a thin plate butt-welded joint[J].Computational Materials Science,2008,43(2):353-365.
[33]
QIANGB, LIY D, YAOC R,et al .Through-thickness welding residual stress and its effect on stress intensity factors for semi-elliptical surface cracks in a butt-welded steel plate[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2018,193:17-31.
[34]
GOLDAKJ, CHAKRAVARTIA, BIBBYM .A new finite element model for welding heat sources[J].Metallurgical Transactions B,1984, 15(2):299-305.
[35]
周灿丰,陈智,焦向东,等.API X 65管道深水铺设GMAW横向焊接温度场[J].焊接学报,2020,41(9):60-68.
[36]
ZHOUC F, CHENZ, JIAOX D,et al .Study on temperature field of GMAW horizontal welding for deep water laying of API X65 pipe[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2020,41(9):60-68.(in Chinese)
DENGD A, MURAKAWAEIICHI, MAN X .Influence of TRIP on calculated results of residual stress in a low temperature transformation steel joint[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2014,35(8): 9-12.(in Chinese)