To meet the requirements of the readout circuit of the photodiode array in the digital X-ray system for an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with superior average performance, a high-precision pipelined-successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter is designed. It features a gain-enhanced amplifier structure with a pre-amplification stage to realize the high efficiency amplifier. The use of the least significant bit (LSB) averaging noise-resistant method simplifies the structure of the second-stage comparator, effectively reducing overall system power consumption. The self-adjusted comparator clock is also realized using a feedback loop based on a delay-locked loop (DLL), enhancing asynchronous timing robustness. The ADC circuit design, layout, and post-simulation verification were completed using the 0.18 µm EPI BCD process. Under 5.0 V supply voltage and 5 MS/s sampling rate conditions, the ADC achieves an ENOB of 15.61 bits, an SNDR of 95.73 dB, and an SFDR of 110.72 dB.
对相关文献提出Pipelined SAR ADC的性能进行总结并与本文设计进行对比,如表3所示. 对比主要能体现ADC综合性能的指标(品质因数FoMs). 由表3可知,与参考文献相比,本文设计的Pipelined SAR ADC在ENOB、SNDR、SFDR等表征ADC精度和线性度的指标上普遍表现突出,本文设计的ADC的FoMs指标为171.8 dB. 综上所述,本文使用的LSB平均抗噪声方法以及所设计的高能效运放能在有效控制功耗的前提下提高ADC精度,从而提升ADC品质因数. 本文设计有着优越的精度指标和综合性能.
4 结 论
本文设计了一款适应数字X射线系统中光电二极管阵列读出电路对后端ADC要求的高精度Pipelined SAR ADC. 通过采用基于DLL反馈环路的比较器时钟自调节方案,降低系统延时设计难度,提升异步SAR逻辑鲁棒性;采用LSB平均抗噪声方法,简化第二级比较器结构;采用带有预放大级的增益增强型运放,提升ADC速度. 后仿真结果显示,本文设计的Pipelined SAR ADC在5 MS/s的采样率下有很好的动态性能,具有优越的信噪失真比及非杂散动态范围.
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