An analysis is conducted on the seismic deformation of tunnels considering the spatial variation of soil parameters. First, a stochastic finite element analysis method for tunnel dynamic response is proposed, incorporating Monte Carlo simulation to account for the spatial variability of soil parameters. Subsequently, a dynamic finite element analysis model for soil-tunnel interaction is established, and the Karhunen-Loève (K-L) series expansion method is employed to generate random fields of soil parameters under various conditions. Extensive numerical simulations are performed using the proposed stochastic finite element method. Finally, the probability distribution characteristics of tunnel convergence deformation under different seismic intensities, soil parameter variability coefficients, and horizontal and vertical correlation distances are analyzed, systematically revealing the influence of soil spatial variability on tunnel convergence deformation. The research results indicate that: 1) The stochastic analysis, which accounts for the spatial variability of soil parameters, reveals a significant dispersion in the computed results, with a coefficient of variation reaching 0.166. The probability of exceeding the deterministic result is approximately 55.3%. 2) The variability coefficient of soil parameters significantly affects the standard deviation of the stochastic results of tunnel seismic deformation. 3) Both vertical and horizontal correlation distances influence the seismic deformation response of tunnels, but the effect of horizontal correlation distance is relatively smaller. 4) As seismic intensity increases, both the mean and standard deviation of tunnel deformation responses considering soil spatial variability show an upward trend. The above research reveals the effect of the spatial variability of soil parameters on the seismic deformation of the tunnel. These findings demonstrate that the prediction and evaluation of tunnel seismic deformation responses must reasonably account for the spatial variability characteristics of soil parameters. The results of this study provide a practical basis for optimizing seismic design and enhancing the resilience of tunnels in uncertain geological conditions.
其中,为了避免土体模型边界效应对隧道变形响应的影响,取有限元模型土体模型宽度为100 m. 模型底部基岩面的深度参照《地下铁道结构抗震设计标准》(DG/TJ 08-2064—2022)[17]推荐值,取70 m.通过网格敏感性分析,确定单元尺寸为1 m×1 m.模型的几何特征如图2所示. 土-隧道接触面采用面面摩擦型接触,接触面法向设为硬接触,切向行为利用罚函数计算. 地震作用下,土体与隧道界面滑移的非线性对计算结果的影响较小[18],为平衡计算精度与效率,故采用恒定摩擦系数为0.6[19]. 底部边界施加阻尼器,阻尼器参数参考Lysmer等[20]提出的方法进行计算.
本文以上海软土为例,Zhang等[21]指出上海地层分布的不确定性指数仅为7%,因此上海不同地层的空间分布不确定性较小,且上海隧道埋深范围内的土层均以淤泥质黏土为主[22]. 考虑到各土层可能具有不同的统计特征[均值、变异系数(coefficient of variation,COV)COV、相关距离δ],若引入多层土,各层土体的变异系数(COV)与相关距离(δ)的耦合作用,导致无法实现控制变量分析,掩盖目标变量的独立效应. 因此,本研究采用单一土层模型,未考虑不同土层的空间分布.
图8(b)展示了典型工况下最大直径变形率φmax的概率密度函数(probability density function,PDF)和累积分布函数(cumulative distribution function,CDF). PDF呈现单峰分布,其峰值出现在φmax=0.85‰时,与确定性结果(0.84‰)高度相近.因此,利用CDF可计算出超过某一特定值的超越概率.具体而言,所有随机结果中φmax超过确定性结果φmax-det(0.84‰)的超越概率为55.3%. 结果表明,单纯依赖均质土体计算的确定性结果可能会低估实际的地震风险,因此,有必要考虑土体参数空间变异性对隧道结构地震响应的影响.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金资助项目(W2411044)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52090082)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52478410)
National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(W2411044)
National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(52090082)
National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(52478410)
中央高校基本科研业务费项目(同济大学2024年度自主原创基础研究项目),Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Tongji University 2024 Independent Original Basic Research Project)
重庆市自然科学基金资助项目(CSTB2023 NSCQ-MSX0808)
Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0808)