This study analyzed the bearing capacity and deformation characteristics of pile side and end grouted bored piles in strongly weathered mudstone strata within the Nanning Basin, based on O-cell static load testing method for six cast-in-place piles at the Ronghe East Station Urban Plaza project in Nanning. Based on the test results, this study establishes the load-settlement calculation method for post-grouting piles in the strongly weathered mudstone layer. Combined with the incremental method, the method uses the load transfer model of the pile-side softening hyperbola curve and pile-end hyperbola curve by fitting the relationships between shaft, base resistance, and relative displacement. The accuracy of the method was subsequently verified through the results of the actual engineering testing pile. The influencing factors of bearing capacity and deformation characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that the bearing capacity of the 6 test piles met the design bearing requirement, the stiffness of the pile increases and the settlement decreases significantly after grouting, and the combined grouting technique can achieve an excellent bearing capacity improvement effect. The end resistance of each test pile bearing layer in the mudstone stratum accounts for no more than 25% of the total bearing capacity, which is manifested as a friction end-bearing pile. The initial stiffness and ultimate lateral friction resistance enhancement coefficients of pile side and end for the strongly weathered mudstone strata are 2.08, 1.77, 1.83, and 1.53, respectively. The elastic modulus of the soil has a significant effect on the ultimate bearing capacity and settlement of the pile. The change of the grouting enhancement coefficients on the side of the pile has a more significant effect on the pile bearing capacity and settlement than the end of the pile.
对矩阵求解可得到任意节点位移增量Δ X .求解过程如下:①将荷载分为多级荷载增量,从第一个荷载增量ΔF1,先施加荷载增量的1/2,即ΔF1/2,根据桩侧、桩端初始刚度建立桩身刚度矩阵,分别求出ΔF1/2的节点位移;②根据上一增量结束阶段的节点位移、内力建立刚度矩阵,求出增量ΔF1/2中点位移;③用新求出的桩身节点位移计算增量的中点刚度矩阵 Km,接着由式(10)求出第一级增量下的位移、内力;④重复步骤②~③,直到最后一个增量,求出桩体每个节点的内力和变位量.
TANGY C, HUANGZ H, ZHANGK,et al .Physical mechanical indexes and swelling property of weathered tertiary mudstone at shallow depth in Nanning[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2014,22(1):144-151.(in Chinese)
LÜH B, ZENGZ T, ZHAOY L,et al .Experimental studies of strength of expansive soil in drying and wetting cycle[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(12):3797-3802.(in Chinese)
[5]
HUT, DAIG L, WANZ H,et al .Field study of the effects of composite excavation and combined grouting on the response of large-diameter and superlong rock-socketed bored piles[J].Acta Geotechnica,2024,19(4):1853-1871.
[6]
ZHANGQ Q, ZHANGZ M .Complete load transfer behavior of base-grouted bored piles[J].Journal of Central South University,2012,19(7): 2037-2046.
[7]
BRUCED A. Enhancing the performance of large diameter piles by grouting [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 1986, 23(6): 240.
[8]
MULLINSG, WINTERSD, DAPPS .Predicting end bearing capacity of post-grouted drilled shaft in cohesionless soils[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2006,132(4): 478-487.
[9]
WANGS Y, CHAND H, LAMK C,et al. Numerical and experimental studies of pressure-controlled cavity expansion in completely decomposed granite soils of Hong Kong [J]. Computers and Geotechnics,2010,37(7/8):977-990.
[10]
THIYYAKKANDIS, MCVAYM, NEERAJC R .Full-scale axial load response of jetted and grouted precast piles in cohesionless soils[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2022,148(6):04022030.
[11]
WANZ H, DAIG L, GONGW M. Field study on post-grouting effects of cast-in-place bored piles in extra-thick fine sand layers[J].Acta Geotechnica,2019,14(5): 1357-1377.
[12]
WANZ H, DAIG L, GONGW M .Field and theoretical analysis of response of axially loaded grouted drilled shafts in extra-thick fine sand[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2020,57(3):391-407.
ZHOUZ J, XUT Y, XUF,et al .Bearing characteristics of cast-in-place piles with different hole-forming methods before and after grouting in loess area[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2021,21(4):84-93.(in Chinese)
[15]
ZHOUZ J, XUF, LEIJ T,et al .Experimental study of the influence of different hole-forming methods on the bearing characteristics of post-grouting pile in loess areas[J]. Transportation Geotechnics,2021,27:100423.
[16]
WANZ H, DAIG L, GONGW M. Full-scale load testing of two large-diameter drilled shafts in coral-reef limestone formations[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2018,77(3):1127-1143.
[17]
HUT, DAIG L, WANZ H,et al .Full-scale tests on the grouting effectiveness of offshore bored piles with various bearing strata[J].Applied Ocean Research,2023,141:103791.
[18]
LIUS W, ZHANGQ Q, LIH T,et al .An analysis method for the response of combined side-and-tip grouting pile[J]. Acta Geotechnica,2023,18(7): 3715-3729.
[19]
ZHANGZ T, GONGW M, DAIG L,et al .Field tests on bearing characteristics of large-diameter combined tip-and-side post grouted drilled shafts[J]. Applied Sciences,2021,11(24):11883.
DAIG L, WANZ H. Enhanced mechanism and load-settlement relationship of post-grouting piles[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(12):2235-2244.(in Chinese)
WANZ H, DAIG L, GONGW M .Calculation and analysis of load transfer in large-diameter grouted pile in extra-thick fine sand layers[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(4):1386-1394.(in Chinese)
[24]
OUX D, BAIL, JIANGJ,et al .Research on analytical conversion method of self-balanced test pile results[J]. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering,2022,26(14):7209-7225.
[25]
OUX D, CHENG Y, BAIL,et al .Research on the analytical conversion method of Q-s curves for self-balanced test piles in layered soils[J].Applied Sciences,2022,12(17):8435.
Technical specification for static loading test of self-balanced method of building foundation piles:JGJ/T 403—2017 [S].Beijing:China Architecture & Building Press,2017.(in Chinese)
DAIG L, WANZ H, GONGW M,et al .Calculation of bearing capacity for combined post-grouting bored piles based on settlement control[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2018,40(12):2172-2181.(in Chinese)
[30]
黄生根,彭从文 .灌注桩后注浆技术原理与工程实践[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2016.
[31]
HUANGS G, PENGC W .Principle and engineering practice of post-grouting technology for cast-in-place pile[M]. Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,2016.(in Chinese)
[32]
MULLINSG, WINTERSD. Post grouting drilled shaft tips[R].Tallahassee: Florida Department of Transportation, 2004.
[33]
EL-KELESHA M, MOSSAADM E, BASHAI M .Model of compaction grouting[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2001,127(11):955-964.
基金资助
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52468045)
National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(52468045)
南宁市创新创业领军人才“邕江计划”项目(2023016)
Nanning Innovation and Entrepreneurship Leading Talents“Yongjiang Plan”Project(2023016)