To improve the convergence performance of the AMDM (adomian modified decomposition method) in solving the differential equations of vibration problem of non-uniform Timoshenko beams under elastic boundary conditions, the adaptive segmentation technology is introduced to the calculation process of the AMDM. By making the integral absolute error estimation of Taylor expansion of section shape dependent terms meet specific thresholds, the length of each segment and the number of segments are obtained automatically for non-uniform beams with shape functions of different power indices and taper ratios. The effects of taper ratio, length-to-height ratio, power index of shape functions and boundary stiffness on natural frequencies of linear, power, and exponential non-uniform beams are analyzed, and the factors affecting convergence are discussed. The numerical results show that the reduction of calculation time ranges from 46% to 91% compared with conventional AMDM in different cases. In addition, compared with the finite element simulation, the error of the calculation results in this paper is within 0.16%, which verifies the effectiveness and accuracy of the method. It is found that the natural frequency exhibits varying sensitivity to length-to-height ratio successively from large to small for power, linear, and exponential non-uniform beams. The boundary support stiffness determines the increasing or decreasing trend of the frequency-taper curve.
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