The operational reliability of power transformers is inextricably tied to the security of the power system. Short circuits are the most common faults for transformers. These faults generate large short-circuit currents and electromagnetic forces that can deform the windings, compromise winding stability, and cause insulation failure. However, due to the high cost of full-scale testing, there is limited validation of such phenomena through prototype tests on actual transformers under short-circuit conditions in current research. Accordingly, a synergistic methodology for assessing transformer winding stability is developed, incorporating both multi-physics field simulation and cumulative short-circuit impulse experiments. An electromagnetic-structural field coupled transformer model is used to calculate the maximum radial stress in the low-voltage winding. An iterative solution yields the cumulative impulse test waveform, which is then applied to a new, full-size power transformer under an industry–academic collaboration to perform a real-condition short-circuit cumulative impulse test. Comparative analysis of the experimental and simulation results demonstrates that the proposed method can effectively assess the radial stability of transformer windings, providing a reliable basis for predicting winding deformation and analyzing insulation reliability.
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