To effectively explore the construction risks of desert highway subgrade engineering, identify the risk sources that affect subgrade construction, and reduce the losses caused by risks. Firstly, drawing on the 4M1E theory in quality management and using literature research methods, combined with the standard specifications for desert roadbed construction, risk indicators were preliminarily identified from five aspects: personnel factors, mechanical factors, material factors, technical factors, and environmental factors. A questionnaire survey method was used to screen the indicators, and 23 secondary indicators were established to construct a desert roadbed construction risk evaluation index system. Then, the subjective weights are determined using the G1 method, the objective weights are determined using the COWA operator, and the game theory ideas are applied to combine the subjective and objective weights to determine the final weights of the indicators. Finally, by using the optimal cloud entropy to improve the extensible cloud model, based on relevant literature and the Construction Project Management Specification, the risk level of roadbed construction is divided into five risk levels, namely U=(low risk, medium low risk, medium risk, medium high risk, high risk), and a case study is conducted on the first contract section of the S254 line from Yuli to the end of the Xinjiang Wuwei Highway Package PPP Project. The project is located in the southern part of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and the route passes through the hinterland of the Taklamakan Desert, with a large section of it dominated by desert. The project area has a typical continental desert climate, with strong winds, sandstorms, and floating dust weather in spring, high temperatures and dryness in summer, rapid temperature drops in autumn, large diurnal temperature differences, and less snow and dry cold in winter. The research results indicate that the construction risk level of the desert highway subgrade project is level Ⅱ, belonging to medium to low risk. The risk level of personnel and technical factors in the first level indicators is level Ⅱ, medium to low risk, environmental factors are level Ⅲ, medium risk, and all other indicators are level Ⅰ low risk, consistent with the actual construction situation. Based on the evaluation results, corresponding measures should be taken to effectively reduce the construction risks of roadbed engineering in desert areas, such as improving the professional quality of construction workers, doing a good job in sand prevention and fixation, and strengthening weather prediction. By comparing with traditional matter element models, the effectiveness of the optimal cloud entropy improved extension cloud model was verified. The evaluation results obtained through the optimal cloud entropy algorithm have significantly improved compared to the "3En " cloud entropy extension cloud model and the "50% correlation" extension cloud model. The improved extension cloud model using the optimal cloud entropy takes into account the cloud correlation characteristics calculated by the above two models, achieving the calculation of comprehensive cloud correlation with the highest credibility. The research results of this article can provide reference for the prevention and control of roadbed construction risks in other desert areas. The risk assessment index system for desert roadbed construction should be deleted and supplemented according to the actual situation of the project, aiming to effectively improve the construction level and engineering quality of desert highway roadbed engineering.
(3)风险等级评定。将得到的评价对象的关联度矩阵 Z 与评价指标的综合权重矩阵 W 相结合,通过式(16)计算可得到评价对象的综合评价向量 X。计算综合评判分值,为某评价指标在第i等级的评判分值,max为某评价指标在所有评价等级中得分最高的评判分值。当=max时,评价指标和评价等级i之间的关联度最高,根据最大关联度原则,则可判断该指标综合评价结果等级为i级。但关联度仅能判断指标所处的评价等级,对于属于同一等级的指标无法进一步确定其具体评价值。等级特征值表示待评物元偏向相邻等级的贴近程度。因此在确定沙漠路基工程施工风险所处等级的基础上,通过等级特征值判断其在相邻两个等级的偏向程度,等级特征值计算公式如下:
式中, W 为综合权重向量; Z 为所有的云关联度组成的综合评判矩阵;xi 为综合评价向量 X 的分量;fi 为等级i的得分值;j为等级特征值。
NieR S, QianC, LiuX, et al. Accumulated plastic strain of aeolian sand as subgrade filler and its prediction model[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2022, 19(9): 2609-2619.
ZhangH, LiuH Y, LiC. Temperature effect of soil-water on characteristic curve of aeolian sand subgrade soil[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2020, 33(7): 42-49.
[7]
张伟. 山区高速公路岩溶地质路基工程施工安全风险评估研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2018.
[8]
ZhangW. Study on risk assessment of roadbed construction safety of the expressways in Karst region[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2018.
BaoX Y, LiH W. Construction risk analysis of subgrade engineering in perilous mountainous areas[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2022, 39(7): 109-115, 121.
HuangF. Research on risk management system of expressway subgrade construction[J]. Western China Communications Science & Technology, 2020(1): 162-164.
LiuJ Y, ZhaoY, LvG, et al. Research on risk classification and assessment method for tunnels crossing under high-speed railway subgrade[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2020, 57(6): 8-16, 54.
[17]
LeiM F, LinD Y, HuangQ Y, et al. Research on the construction risk control technology of shield tunnel underneath an operational railway in sand pebble formation: a case study[J]. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2020, 24(10): 1558-1572.
[18]
YuW B, ZhangT Q, LuY, et al. Engineering risk analysis in cold regions: state of the art and perspectives[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2020, 171: 102963.
YinZ H, LyuX N, QiuY L, et al. Study on the risk evaluation of the construction of underneath passing existing line subgrade based on fuzzy mathematic theory[J]. Subgrade Engineering, 2017(5): 20-25.
[21]
刘娜. 高速公路路基施工工程风险评价与管理研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2015.
[22]
LiuN. Study on risk evaluation and management of the highway subgrade construction engineering[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2015.
ZhangX Y. Analysis on risk identification and control measures of subgrade engineering construction quality[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2016, 12(8): 150-151.
LiY, HouX N. Risk evaluation of prefabricated building construction based on G1-COWA combination weighting[J]. Journal of North China University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 42(4): 87-92, 99.
ChenL, LiJ N, WeiL R, et al. Establishment of evaluation indicator system of major epidemic emergency response capability of the hospital based on Delphi method[J]. Chinese Hospital Management, 2021, 41(6): 1-4.
WangQ K, ZhuK, GuoP W, et al. Safety risk assessment of prefabricated building construction based on IM-FCM[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2023, 23(7): 2202-2211.
WangL Y, ChenZ, QuR R. Risk identification of new rural community housing construction projects based on COWA-DEMATEL[J]. Journal of Shenyang University (Natural Science), 2022, 34(3): 227-233.
LuY, HuQ W, XuJ Y. Operation safety evaluation of subway stations based on SEM-matter element-cloud model[J]. Journal of Changsha University of Science & Technology (Natural Science), 2023, 20(5): 171-180.
LiY C, FengZ R, LyuE Y. Risk assessment of deepwater bridge foundation construction based on cloud model[J]. Journal of China & Foreign Highway, 2021, 41(1): 164-169.
BuB, QiC M, LuoC. Comprehensive performance evaluation of urban water ecology PPP project based on combination weighting approach and improved extension cloud model[J]. Journal of Engineering Management, 2022, 36(1): 94-99.
WangL D. Evaluation model of slope stability of open pit mine based on game-variable weight extension cloud theory[D]. Kunming: Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2021.
WangJ C, ZhaoF, HouW H, et al. Assessment of rail transit emergency response capability in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration based on entropy power elemental topologizable model[J]. Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology (Social Sciences), 2022, 22(2): 87-93.
LiD, YangP F, LianJ F, et al. Extension cloud computer performance evaluation model based on improved INFO algorithm[J]. Application Research of Computers, 2023, 40(12): 3614-3620.
[47]
MahadevaR, KumarM, GuptaV, et al. Modified whale optimization algorithm based ANN: A novel predictive model for RO desalination plant[J]. Scientific Reports, 2023, 13(1): 2901.
LiuY P, XuZ Q, FuH C, et al. Insulation condition assessment method of power transformer based on improved extension cloud theory with optimal cloud entropy[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2020, 46(2): 397-405.
OuyangZ H, GuoA Y, LiuW B, et al. Training evaluation of shore-to-ship missile weapon system based on improved extension cloud[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2020, 41(4): 58-64.
WengX L, LiS X, YangX D, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of flat rock tunnel bottom deformation risk based on optimal weighting-extension cloud model[J]. Journal of Liaoning Technical University (Natural Science), 2023, 42(6): 656-663.
LiuB M, ShiB Y, DengR Z. Risk assessment of mountain highway operation based on extension cloud model[J]. Traffic & Transportation, 2023, 39(3): 19-24.