This study aims to enhance the cost risk management capabilities of general contractors, strengthen enterprise competitiveness, and achieve high-quality and cost-effective community development goals. A proactive approach to risk prevention and control is adopted, following a closed-loop management sequence of risk identification, assessment, response, and monitoring. A cost risk network model is developed for the design phase of future community engineering procurement Construction (EPC) projects. Initially, a literature review and expert interviews were conducted to preliminarily identify cost risk factors in the design phase of future community EPC projects. Subsequent visits to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development's website allowed for the retrieval of published project implementation plans from pilot future community projects. These were used to organize risk factors into a structured list and compare them with the initially established risk framework. This comparison tested the alignment between the preliminary risk factors and actual cases, resulting in the finalized cost risk factor system. A questionnaire, informed by the influence relationships among 23 risk factors, was then designed. Both paper-based and online survey formats were utilized to gather structured interview responses and evaluations from professionals involved in the renovation of old residential areas or future community construction. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed, with 256 returned; 12 were invalid, yielding an effective response rate of 81.33%. Survey participants included project general contractors, construction units, design institutes, supervision units, and consulting firms to ensure the reliability of the collected data.
The survey results were used to construct an adjacency matrix, and the Netdraw software generated a network diagram illustrating the relationships between risk factors. Social network analysis (SNA) was employed to visually and quantitatively examine the risk network at both the whole network and individual levels. Block model analysis, combined with measures of point degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and the brokerage index, was used to investigate the conduction pathways and interrelationships among various risk elements, identifying key risks and critical paths.
From the perspective of the general contractor, cost risk control strategies for the design phase of future community EPC projects were proposed and their effectiveness evaluated. The findings indicate that risk management efforts should concentrate on seven pivotal risks, including changes in industry norms and design principles, lax key contract terms and technical specifications, and the unreasonable application of new products and technologies. Three primary pathways require attention: insufficient government promotion and support for future community projects→regional disparities in scenario application and adaptability.
Following the implementation of risk control measures, there was a notable reduction in the closeness, clustering, and correlation among risk factors within the network. This effectively obstructed risk transmission throughout the network. The study offers strategic insights for general contractors aiming to maintain controllable cost risks in future community EPC projects, significantly contributing to the high-quality and efficient advancement of such projects.
成本风险因素是分析和控制未来社区EPC项目成本的重要对象,也是未来社区EPC项目成本控制的基础。为科学客观地找出影响未来社区EPC项目设计阶段的成本风险,本文采用文献分析法,依托CNKI、万方、维普,及Web of Science数据库,设定2018—2024年为检索时间,以“未来社区”“EPC项目”“设计阶段”“成本风险”等为主题、关键词和摘要检索词,如:主题=“未来社区”OR关键词=“未来社区”OR摘要=“未来社区”,采用主题检索和专业检索相结合的方式,共得到相关文献83篇,对关联性不大的文献进行剔除与合并,最终筛选出56篇与本研究相关且高质量的论文,构建未来社区EPC项目设计阶段成本风险清单。邀请专家对风险清单提出建议,被邀请的专家均具有副高级或以上技术职称,有老旧小区改造或未来社区建设的经验,包括2名建设单位负责技术工作的副总经理、8名设计单位总工、12名施工单位技术负责人、5名监理单位总监和3名运营单位负责人。经过2轮专家函询筛选和完善各项指标,最终从政策风险、分包风险、环境风险、技术风险、设计风险、采购风险6个维度,初步选取21个未来社区EPC项目设计阶段初步成本风险因素,如表1所示。
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