加强工程师队伍建设,为发展新质生产力作出更大贡献
On Fortifying the Engineer Teams Building for Greater Contributions to the Development of New-Quality Productivity
在加快发展新质生产力、建设世界科技强国的时代背景下,工程师作为连接科学发现与产业应用的关键力量,发挥着不可替代的“桥梁”与“转化”作用。本文阐述了我国工程师队伍在推动科技创新和经济社会发展中的重大贡献,分析了当前队伍建设中存在的突出问题:工程师群体现状底数不清、社会认知度不高、职能定位模糊、职称与职业资格制度不完善且缺乏国际互认、工程教育存在“工科理科化”倾向以及继续教育体系不健全等。针对这些问题,文章提出应从国家战略高度加强工程师队伍建设,建议开展工程师群体理论研究与现状调研,厘清科学家、工程师与工匠的职能边界,改革工程师制度以实现国际接轨,优化工程教育和健全继续教育体系。尤为重要的是,应明确提出并大力弘扬“新时代工程师精神”,将其纳入国家科技强国精神谱系,增强工程师的职业认同感、荣誉感与使命感,激励广大工程师为实现社会主义现代化和突破关键核心技术作出更大贡献。
In the context of accelerating technological revolution and industrial transformation, developing new-quality productive forces has become a core strategic task for promoting high-quality economic and social development in China and achieving socialist modernization. Characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, new-quality productive forces are driven primarily by scientific and technological innovation, which urgently requires a high-caliber, high-performing engineering workforce as a foundational support. Engineers, as the crucial link connecting scientific discovery with technological application and transforming research outcomes into tangible productivity, play an irreplaceable "pivotal" role in major engineering projects, industrial upgrading, and breakthroughs in core technologies. However, China's engineering workforce currently faces numerous challenges: there is a lack of authoritative data on the size and structure of the engineering population; societal recognition and respect for the engineering profession remain relatively low; the engineering qualification system is not aligned with international standards; and engineering education tends to emphasize theory over practice, while continuing education systems are underdeveloped. These issues not only constrain the full potential of engineers but also affect China's strategic autonomy in global technological competition. Therefore, conducting in-depth research on the status and challenges of engineers and exploring effective pathways to strengthen their professional development holds significant theoretical value and practical importance for advancing China from an engineering giant to an engineering power and achieving high-level technological self-reliance.
This paper situates its analysis within the broader context of fostering new-quality productive forces, employing a combination of literature review, historical analysis, and problem-oriented methodology to systematically examine the current state and development strategies for China's engineering workforce. First, by reviewing the critical contributions of Chinese engineers to major national projects—such as the "Two Bombs, One Satellite" program, high-speed rail, BeiDou Navigation, and new energy vehicles—it demonstrates the historical significance and contemporary role of engineers as a central force in technological innovation. Second, through analysis of existing policies, research reports, and social phenomena, the paper identifies four key challenges in engineering workforce development: (1) insufficient and inconsistent data on engineers; (2) blurred public understanding of engineers' roles, often conflating them with scientists or craftsmen, leading to weak professional identity; (3) institutional fragmentation in engineering certification systems that lack international recognition; and (4) shortcomings in engineering education and continuing education that require reform. Based on this analysis, the paper proposes a comprehensive strategy encompassing theoretical research, empirical surveys, institutional reform, educational optimization, and the promotion of an engineering spirit.
The study concludes that to fully leverage engineers in developing new-quality productive forces, their professional development must be elevated to a national strategic priority. Specifically, a nationwide survey of engineers should be conducted to establish a dynamic database for evidence-based policymaking; the distinct roles of scientists, engineers, and craftsmen in the innovation chain must be clarified to enhance the recognition of engineering expertise; engineering certification systems should be reformed to align with international standards, strengthening the global competitiveness of Chinese engineering; engineering education must be reformed to emphasize practical and interdisciplinary skills, while robust lifelong learning systems should be established; and most importantly, the state should formally define and actively promote a "New-Era Engineering Spirit", integrating it into the national ethos of technological advancement. Only through such comprehensive measures can the innovation potential and sense of mission among engineers be fully unleashed, providing a solid talent foundation for China's technological self-reliance and the realization of socialist modernization.
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