整合与重塑:新时代交叉科学研究演进与展望
Integration and Reconstruction: A Review and Prospect of Interdisciplinary Science Research in New Generation
新一轮科技革命催生大量复合型复杂科学难题,学科交叉成为破解重大现实问题的核心路径,但国内外学界长期混用相近术语,概念体系混乱,加之数字技术重塑科研范式,现有研究缺少整体性梳理框架。本文以CNKI、WOS文献为数据源,运用文献计量与系统综述相结合的方法,借助VOSviewer开展关键词共现分析,筛选127篇核心文献展开深度剖析。研究将领域繁杂术语收敛为学科交叉、交叉学科、交叉科学、跨学科学四大核心概念,构建层级化整合概念模型;并从学科交叉、交叉学科、跨学科学三大板块系统梳理现有研究全貌,识别出机制剖析碎片化、研究场景单一、测度数据源有限等现存短板。立足AI、大数据驱动的数字科研新场景,从范式变革、作用机理、人才学科建设、量化测度四个维度提出未来研究方向,可为完善本土化交叉科学理论、推动跨学科可持续创新提供理论参考。
Interdisciplinary science research represents both a historical choice and a practical necessity in responding to the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, as well as in addressing increasingly complex and comprehensive scientific problems. It has long attracted widespread attention from scholars across diverse fields. However, the field is replete with highly interrelated yet easily confounded concepts, and the resulting terminological confusion poses significant barriers to scholarly communication and collaboration. There is thus an urgent need to integrate domestic and international research contexts, ground the analysis in China's policy discourse system, and further clarify the connotations of and interrelations among these concepts. Moreover, as the rapid advancement of next-generation information technologies is driving a profound transformation of scientific research paradigms, it has become imperative to synthesize the progress of interdisciplinary science research from a more comprehensive perspective and to re-examine its future directions and possibilities.
This study adopts a combined approach of bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review. Using Web of Science and CNKI as data sources, we conducted keyword co-occurrence analysis on the literature in the field of interdisciplinary science research to construct a conceptual network map. Key literature was subsequently identified based on citation frequency, influential scholars, and leading journals, followed by systematic review and synthesis.
Through a systematic analysis of the literature, this study yields two principal findings. First, by critically comparing and examining how relevant concepts in interdisciplinary science research are defined across both domestic and international scholarship, this study consolidates the numerous easily confounded and interchangeably used terms in the field into four core categories: interdisciplinary research, interdiscipline, interdisciplinary science, and interdisciplinarity. Drawing on the logical relationships among scientific research, discipline, science, and the science of science, an integrative conceptual framework is constructed. This framework not only clarifies the conceptual boundaries that have long remained ambiguous in the literature but also delineates the dynamic interrelations among these four concepts, providing a much-needed conceptual anchor for future scholarly communication. Second, through an in-depth and critical examination of key literature from both domestic and international sources, this study systematically synthesizes the current state of interdisciplinary science research and develops a comprehensive research progress framework. This framework organizes existing scholarship into three major domains: interdisciplinary research, interdiscipline research, and interdisciplinarity research. By doing so, it offers a panoramic and structured overview of the research landscape, revealing both the achievements and the gaps that characterize the field.
Grounded in the contemporary digital context, this study outlines future directions for interdisciplinary science research in four key respects. First, the development trajectory of interdisciplinary science should be examined multidimensionally against the backdrop of the ongoing research paradigm transformation driven by emerging technologies. Second, the influencing factors and internal mechanisms that shape interdisciplinary research warrant more comprehensive and nuanced analysis within the digital context, particularly regarding how digital tools reconfigure collaborative patterns. Third, issues concerning interdisciplinary talent cultivation and interdiscipline construction deserve exploration on a broader scale and across diverse educational and institutional settings. Fourth, the tools and methods for uncovering interdisciplinary regularities should be enriched and innovated by harnessing the capabilities of emerging technologies such as large language models. Collectively, these findings hold significant theoretical and practical value. They contribute to clarifying and constructing a robust conceptual system of interdisciplinary science, promoting the further advancement of interdisciplinary science research in digital contexts, and ultimately fostering sustainable interdisciplinary innovation.
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国家自然科学基金项目:中国原创研究分类评价及长周期资助模式探究(L25240108)
中国工程院科技战略咨询项目学部重大项目:国家战略急需人才培养机制与路径研究(2025-XBZD-07)
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