纳米颗粒在提高原油采收率中的研究应用进展

Research and Application Progress of Nano-particles in Enhanced Oil Recovery

摘要

针对低孔低渗、稠油等油藏，化学驱、气驱等方法受储层等条件限制，可引入纳米颗粒进行技术改进。为使业界进一步了解纳米颗粒如何提高采收率，对其机理进行了详细地阐述，主要包括：降低界面张力、结构分离压、改善润湿性、流体流变性和调剖作用。纳米颗粒吸附于油水界面时一方面可以降低油水界面张力提高采收率，另一方面可以形成位阻屏障提高乳液或泡沫的稳定性。纳米颗粒聚集于油、水、岩石三相接触区域时，依靠布朗运动和静电斥力产生结构分离压迫使油滴从岩石表面剥离，并吸附于岩石表面改善润湿性。纳米颗粒还可以通过吸附沥青质改善原油流变性，以及通过调剖扩大驱替范围。此外，还介绍了纳米颗粒提高采收率的国内外研究发展现状及现场应用。

Abstract

For low porosity and low permeability reservoir, heavy oil reservoir and other reservoirs, chemical flooding, gas flooding and other methods are limited by reservoir conditions, and nanoparticles can be introduced to improve the technology. In order to make the industry further understand how to improve oil recovery, the mechanism of nanoparticles is described, including reducing the interfacial tension, structural disjoining pressure, improving the wettability and fluid properties, and pore channels plugging. On the one hand, nanoparticles adsorbed on the oil-water interface can reduce the interfacial tension of oil and water to improve oil recovery, on the other hand, they can form a steric barrier to improve the stability of emulsion or foam. When the nanoparticles gather in the three phase contact area of oil, water and rock, they rely on Brownian motion and electrostatic repulsion to produce structural separation and compression, so that the oil droplets are removed from the rock surface and adsorbed on the rock surface to improve the wettability. Nanoparticles can also improve crude oil rheology by adsorption of asphaltene and extend displacement range by pore channels plugging. In addition, the research development and field application of enhanced oil recovery of nanoparticles at home and abroad are also introduced.

关键词

纳米颗粒 / 提高采收率 / 界面张力 / 润湿性 / 结构分离压 / 调剖作用

Key words

nano-particles / enhanced oil recovery / interfacial tension / wettability / structural disjoining pressure / pore channels plugging

参考文献

[1] 孙龙德， 张鹏程， 江航， 等. 油气安全与能源转型的新趋势[J]. 世界石油工业， 2024， 31（1）： 6-15. doi： 10.20114/j.issn.1006-0030.20231223001

[2] SUN Longde, ZHANG Pengcheng, JIANG Hang, et al. New trends in oil and gas security and energy transition[J]. World Petroleum Industry, 2024, 31(1): 6-15. 10.20114/j.issn.1006-0030.20231223001

[3] 王永祥， 杨涛， 徐小林， 等. 中国新增油气探明经济可采储量特征分析[J]. 中国石油勘探， 2022, 27（5）: 13-26. doi： 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.05.002

[4] WANG Yongxiang, YANG Tao, XU Xiaolin, et al. Characteristics of the proved new addition economic recoverable oil and gas reserves in China[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2022, 27(5): 13-26. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.05.002

[5] 王宇哲， 单五一， 李勇， 等. 国内外纳米颗粒提高采收率技术研究现状[J]. 化学工程师， 2020， 34（8）: 70-72，37. doi： 10.16247/j.cnki.23-1171/tq.20200870

[6] WANG Yuzhe, SHAN Wuyi, LI Yong, et al. Research status of enhanced recovery technology for nanoparticles domestic and overseas[J]. Chemical Engineer, 2020, 34(8): 70-72, 37. doi： 10.16247/j.cnki.23-1171/tq.20200870

[7] 张涛， 曲冠政. 纳米SiO₂流体的性能及其渗吸驱油效果评价[J]. 西安石油大学学报（自然科学版）， 2024， 39（4）： 56-61， 97. doi： 10.3969/j.issn.1673-064X.2024.04.008

[8] ZHANG Tao, QU Guanzheng. Performance and imbibition oil displacement effect evaluation of nano-silica fluid[J]. Journal of Xi′an Shiyou University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 39(4): 56-61, 97. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-064X.2024.04.008

[9] 李艳春， 隋明园. 化学驱提高采收率技术发展现状与展望[J]. 特种油气藏， 2025， 32（1）： 12-21. doi： 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2025.01.002

[10] LI Yanchun, SUI Mingyuan. Development status and prospect of chemical flooding technology for enhanced oil recovery[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2025, 32(1): 12-21. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2025.01.002

[11] 吴德君， 于春磊， 刘西雷， 等. 高含水油藏密井网与化学驱提高采收率机理及实践[J]. 石油与天然气化工， 2026， 55（1）： 84-90. doi： 10.3969/j.issn.1007-3426.2026.01.012

[12] WU Dejun, YU Chunlei, LIU Xilei, et al. Mechanism and case analysis of chemical flooding enhanced oil recovery with well pattern infilling in high water-cut reservoirs[J]. Chemical Engineering of Oil and Gas, 2026, 55(1): 84-90. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-3426.2026.01.012

[13] MACHALE J, MAJUMDER S K, GHOSH P, et al. Role of chemical additives and their rheological properties in enhanced oil recovery[J]. Reviews in Chemical Engineering, 2019(7): 789-830. doi： 10.1515/revce-2018-0033

[14] 孙焕泉， 刘慧卿， 王海涛， 等. 中国稠油热采开发技术与发展方向[J]. 石油学报， 2022， 43（11）: 1664-1674. doi： 10.7623/syxb202211013

[15] SUN Huanquan, LIU Huiqing, WANG Haitao, et al. Development technology and direction of thermal recovery of heavy oil in China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022, 43(11): 1664-1674. doi： 10.7623/syxb202211013

[16] 闫飞， 杨红， 吴佼佼， 等. 稠化剂提高低渗油藏CO₂驱油效果适应性评价[J]. 西安石油大学学报（自然科学版）， 2024， 39（4）： 41-47. doi： 10.3969/j.issn.1673-064X.2024.04.006

[17] YAN Fei, YANG Hong, WU Jiaojiao, et al. Adaptability evaluation of using thickener to improve CO₂ flooding effect in low-permeability reservoirs[J]. Journal of Xi′an Shiyou University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 39(4): 41-47. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-064X.2024.04.006

[18] 黄鑫淼， 林伟， 韩登林， 等. 致密油藏CO₂驱和水驱分子动力学模拟及微观机理[J]. 西安石油大学学报（自然科学版）， 2024， 39(3)： 72-81. doi： 10.3969/j.issn.1673-064X.2024.03.009

[19] HUANG Xinmiao, LIN Wei, HAN Denglin, et al. Study of microscopic mechanism of CO₂/water flooding in tight oil reservoir based on molecular dynamics simulation[J]. Journal of Xi′an Shiyou University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 39(3): 72-81. 10.3969/j.issn.1673-064X.2024.03.009

[20] 何舸航， 何宏， 李宗阳， 等. 高温高压N₂泡沫性能评价与微观驱油效果[J]. 西安石油大学学报（自然科学版）， 2025， 40（1）： 71-78. doi： 10.3969/j.issn.1673-064X.2025.01.009

[21] HE Gehang, HE Hong, LI Zongyang, et al. Performance evaluation and microscopic oil displacement effect of high-temperature and high-pressure N₂ foam[J]. Journal of Xi′an Shiyou University (Natural Science Edition), 2025, 40(1): 71-78. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-064X.2025.01.009

[22] 李阳. 低渗透油藏CO₂驱提高采收率技术进展及展望[J]. 油气地质与采收率， 2020， 27（1）: 1-10. doi： 10.13673/j.cnki.cn37-1359/te.2020.01.001

[23] LI Yang. Technical advancement and prospect for CO₂ flooding enhanced oil recovery in low permeability reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2020, 27(1): 1-10. doi: 10.13673/j.cnki.cn37-1359/te.2020.01.001

[24] 秦芳玲， 樊月， 白海涛. 微生物采油技术的研究进展[J]. 现代化工， 2016， 36（1）: 49-52， 54. doi： 10.16606/j.cnki.issn0253-4320.2016.01.012

[25] QIN Fangling, FAN Yue, BAI Haitao. Research progress of microbial enhanced oil recovery technology[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2016, 36(1): 49-52, 54. doi: 10.16606/j.cnki.issn0253-4320.2016.01.012

[26] 刘锐， 陈泽洲， 高石， 等. 赋能纳米碳提高原油采收率研究进展[J]. 西南石油大学学报（自然科学版）， 2024， 46(1)： 64-75. doi： 10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2022.06.13.02

[27] LIU Rui, CHEN Zezhou, GAO Shi, et al. Research progress on functionalization nanocarbons for enhanced oil recovery[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition), 2024, 46(1): 64-75. doi: 10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2022.06.13.02

[28] ORTIZ D G, POCHAT-BOHATIER C, CAMBEDOUZOU J, et al. Current trends in pickering emulsions: Particle morphology and applications[J]. Engineering, 2020, 6(4): 468-482. doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.08.017

[29] NGOUANGNA E N, JAAFAR M Z, NORDDIN M N A M, et al. The effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on wettability and brine-oil interfacial tension as enhance oil recovery mechanisms[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2022, 218: 110941. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2022.110941

[30] ILKHANI M, BAYAT A E, HARATI S . Applicability of methane foam stabilized via nanoparticles for enhanced oil recovery from carbonate porous media at various temperatures[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022, 367: 120576. doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120576

[31] SHARMA T, KUMAR G S, CHON B H, et al. Thermal stability of oil-in-water pickering emulsion in the presence of nanoparticle, surfactant, and polymer[J]. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2015, 22: 324-334. doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.07.026

[32] EL-DIASTY A I, ALY A M . Understanding the mechanism of nanoparticles applications in enhanced oil recovery[C]. SPE 175806-MS, 2015. doi: 10.2118/175806-MS

[33] MCELFRESH P, HOLCOMB D, ECTOR D . Application of nanofluid technology to improve recovery in oil and gas wells[C]. SPE 154827-MS, 2012. doi: 10.2118/154827-MS

[34] JANAGHI P, AMANI H, NASERI A, et al. Accurate prediction of enhanced oil recovery from carbonate reservoir through smart injection of nanoparticle and biosurfactant[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2022, 216: 110772. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2022.110772

[35] ZHAO Hui, YANG Yiqian, CHEN Yu, et al. A review of multiple Pickering emulsions: Solid stabilization, preparation, particle effect, and application[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2022, 248: 117085. doi： 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117085

[36] 王志伟， 张毅， 魏淋生. 孔隙介质中泡沫形成机理研究进展[J]. 石油地质与工程， 2008， 22（3）: 8-11. doi： 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8217.2008.03.003

[37] WANG Zhiwei, ZHANG Yi, WEI Linsheng. Review of foam generation mechanism in porous media[J]. Petroleum Geology and Engineering, 2008, 22(3): 8-11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8217.2008.03.003

[38] NASSAR N N, HASSAN A , PEREIRA-ALMAO P. Application of nanotechnology for heavy oil upgrading: Catalytic steam gasification/cracking of asphaltenes[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2011, 25(4): 1566-1570. doi: 10.1021/ef2001772

[39] MAURYA N K, MANDAL A . Investigation of synergistic effect of nanoparticle and surfactant in macro emulsion based EOR application in oil reservoirs[J]. Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2018, 132: 370-384. doi: 10.1016/j.cherd.2018.01.049

[40] 胡雷雷. 荧光聚丙烯酰胺微球调驱体系构筑及其作用机理[D]. 青岛：中国石油大学（华东）， 2016.

[41] HU Leilei. Frabrication of fluorescent polyacrylamide microspheres system and its mechanism on profile control[D]. Qingdao: China University of Petroleum (East China), 2016.

[42] 胡保全， 王延忠. 球磨转速对Mo-8wt%Cu纳米复合粉末特性的影响[J]. 铸造设备与工艺， 2020（4）: 36-37，60. doi： 10.16666/j.cnki.issn1004-6178.2020.04.012

[43] HU Baoquan， WANG Yanzhong. Effect of ball milling rotate speed on character of nanometer composite powder of Mo-8wt%Cu[J]. Foundry Equipment and Technology, 2020(4): 36-37, 60. doi: 10.16666/j.cnki.issn1004-6178.2020.04.012

[44] 邓丽荣， 王晓刚， 华小虎， 等. 机械粉碎法制备β-SiC纳米粉体及其特性分析[J]. 中国粉体技术， 2022， 28（1）: 62-67. doi： 10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2022.01.007

[45] DENG Lirong, WANG Xiaogang, HUA Xiaohu, et al. Preparation and characterization of β-SiC nano-powders by mechanical crushing method[J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 2022, 28(1): 62-67. doi: 10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2022.01.007

[46] 桑元， 向茂乔， 宋淼， 等. 流化床化学气相沉积法制备近化学计量比的TiN粉体[J]. 化工学报， 2020， 71（6）: 2743-2751. doi： 10.11949/0438-1157.20200077

[47] SANG Yuan, XIANG Maoqiao, SONG Miao, et al. Preparation of nearly-stoichiometric TiN powder by chemical vapor deposition in fluidized-bed[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(6): 2743-2751. doi: 10.11949/0438-1157.20200077

[48] 胡彦伟， 程珙， 李浩然， 等. 化学沉淀法制备纳米SiO₂颗粒[J]. 化工学报， 2016， 67（z1）: 379-383. doi： 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20160565

[49] HU Yanwei, CHEN Gong, LI Haoran, et al. Synthesis of SiO₂ nanoparticles by chemical precipitation[J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(z1): 379-383. doi: 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20160565

[50] 叶飞飞， 郭晓燕， 侯静， 等. 双微乳液法制备纳米硫酸钡颗粒[J]. 化工学报， 2018， 69（6）: 2767-2774. doi： 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20171265

[51] YE Feifei, GUO Xiaoyan, HOU Jing, et al. Synthesis of BaSO₄ nanoparticles by double microemulsion method[J]. CIESC Journal, 2018, 69(6): 2767-2774. doi: 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20171265

[52] 王庆庆， 王锦玲， 姜胜祥， 等. 溶胶凝胶法设计与制备金属及合金纳米材料的研究进展[J]. 物理化学学报， 2019， 35（11）: 1186-1206. doi： 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201902002

[53] WANG Qingqing, WANG Jinling, JIANG Shengxiang, et al. Recent progress in sol-gel method for designing and preparing metallic and alloy nanocrystals[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2019, 35(11): 1186-1206. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201902002

[54] TALEB M, SAGALA F, HETHNAWI A, et al. Enhanced oil recovery from austin chalk carbonate reservoirs using faujasite-based nanoparticles combined with low-salinity water flooding[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2021, 35(1): 213-225. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c02324

[55] PARYOTO S, ROMDONI Y, KURNIA I, et al. Synergy of surfactant mixtures and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) [J]. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 2023, 155: 111125. doi: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.111125

[56] KAZEMZADEH Y, DEHDARI B, ETEMADAN Z, et al. Experimental investigation into Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ nanoparticle performance and comparison with other nanofluids in enhanced oil recovery[J]. Petroleum Science, 2019, 16(3): 578-590. doi: 10.1007/s12182-019-0314-x

[57] ABDULLAHI M B, RAJAEI K, JUNIN R, et al. Appraising the impact of metal-oxide nanoparticles on rheological properties of HPAM in different electrolyte solutions for enhanced oil recovery[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2019, 1057-1068. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2018.09.013

[58] GBADAMOSI A O, JUNIN R, MANAN M A, et al. Effect of aluminium oxide nanoparticles on oilfield polyacrylamide: Rheology, interfacial tension, wettability and oil displacement studies[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2019, 296: 111863. doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111863

[59] REZAEI A, DERIKVAND Z, PARSAEI R, et al. Surfactant-silica nanoparticle stabilized N₂-foam flooding: A mechanistic study on the effect of surfactant type and temperature[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2021, 325: 115091. doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115091

[60] 杨志国， 岳湘安， 邵明鲁， 等. 纳米级微球调剖剂的性能评价及自聚集封堵特性[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版)， 2021， 43（2）: 178-186. doi： 10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2020.04.05.01

[61] YANG Zhiguo, YUE Xiang′an, SHAO Minglu, et al. Performance evaluation and self-aggregation plugging characteristic of nano microspheres as profile control agent[J]. Jounal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition), 2021, 43(2): 178-186. doi: 10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2020.04.05.01

[62] FRANCO C A, RICHARD Z, CORTES F B . Nanotechnology applied to the enhancement of oil and gas productivity and recovery of Colombian fields[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2017, 157: 39-55. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2017.07.004

[63] 顾津龙， 张宁， 李啸南， 等. 一种新型纳米材料室内实验研究与现场应用[J]. 石油化工应用， 2022， 41（2）: 56-59. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5285.2022.02.012

[64] GU Jinlong, ZHANG Ning, LI Xiaonan, et al. Laboratory research and field application of one novel nano material[J]. Petrochemical Industry Application, 2022， 41（2）: 56-59. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5285.2022.02.012

[65] 叶诚， 张伟忠， 宗序江， 等. 红003井区纳米降粘增产措施技术应用及效果分析[J]. 石化技术， 2017， 24（7）: 118.

[66] YE Cheng, ZHANG Weizhong, ZONG Xujiang, et al. Application of nanometer viscosity reduction and yield control in Hong 003 Block[J]. Petrochemical Industry Technology, 2017, 24(7): 118.

[67] 吴天江， 赵燕红， 程辰， 等. 纳米聚合物微球/表面活性剂复合调驱体系评价及应用[J]. 油田化学， 2022， 39（1）: 46-50，81. doi: 10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2022.01.009

[68] WU Tianjiang, ZHAO Yanhong, CHENG Chen, et al. Evaluation and application of polymer microsphere and surfactant compound profile control and flooding system[J]. Oilfield Chemistry, 2022, 39(1): 46-50, 81. doi: 10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2022.01.009

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(52374044)

四川省科技计划(2023JDRC0008)