常压页岩气层压裂液损害的亚临界或超临界水修复思路与机理

The Remediation Mechanism of Subcritical or Supercritical Water for Fracturing Fluid Damage in Normal-pressure Shale Gas Formation

摘要

常压页岩气地层能量弱，压后液相滞留易引发储层损害，加速单井产量递减，降低采收率。以渝东南常压页岩气为研究对象，基于压裂液损害机理，阐释了解堵增渗思路，进而提出页岩气层压裂液损害的亚临界或超临界水修复思路，将压后大量滞留于基质纳米孔和微裂缝的液相转化为亚临界或超临界水，提高水相流动性，并在水力裂缝周围溶孔促缝，提升气体流动能力。该方法充分考虑压后页岩气藏工程地质特征，可行性强。通过室内实验定量表征了亚临界或超临界水对页岩的溶孔促缝效果，可产生大量亚微米-微米级粒内和粒间溶蚀孔缝，孔隙度和渗透率大幅提升。论文揭示了该方法缓解压后页岩气藏水相圈闭损害的机理，包括高温热致裂和化学溶蚀作用。从与水力压裂产生协同效应和绿色低碳开发两方面，展望了该方法的矿场应用前景。

Abstract

The weak formation energy and retained fracturing fluid in the normal-pressure gas shale formation tend to cause formation damage, resulting in a rapid decline in the production of shale gas wells and low ultimate recovery after hydraulic fracturing. In this research, the normal-pressure shale gas formation in southeast Chongqing is considered as the research object. A scientific conception of relieving fracturing fluid damage by subcritical or supercritical water stimulation is innovatively proposed after clarifying the formation damage mechanisms of fracturing fluid invasion and the solution to relievie such formation damage. This method can improve the aqueous phase mobility and the gas flow capacity in shale matrix. The engineering and geological characteristics of shale gas reservoirs after hydraulic fracturing are considered, so the scientific conception is qualified as practical. Furthermore, dissolving minerals/organic matter and inducing fractures in the shale matrix via sub-and supercritical water remediation are investigated through experiments. The results show that the porosity and permeability of shale samples are greatly enhanced due to a large number of submicron-micron intragranular and interparticle dissolution pores generated. A high-temperature thermophysical effect and a subcritical or supercritical water catalytic oxidative dissolution effect are considered as the main mechanisms of relieving aqueous phase trapping damage in a shale gas reservoir. The application prospect of subcritical or supercritical water remediation is forecasted from the aspects of synergizing with hydraulic fracturing and the green and low-carbon concept in shale gas development.

关键词

常压页岩气 / 滞留压裂液 / 储层保护 / 多尺度 / 孔隙结构 / 亚临界或超临界水

Key words

normal-pressure shale gas / retained fracturing fluid / formation damage control / multiscale / pore structure / subcritical or supercritical water

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(42572174)

四川省自然科学基金(2026NSFSC0339)

非常规油气层保护四川省青年科技创新研究团队项目(2021JDTD0017)

中国石油科技创新基金项目(2024DQ02-0112)