不同生长年份牛大力根部总皂苷的含量测定与抗氧化活性研究

The total saponin content and antioxidant activity of Callerya speciosa root at different ages

摘要

为了探究不同生长年份牛大力（Callerya speciosa）根部总皂苷含量以及抗氧化活性的差异，为牛大力的综合开发利用提供科学依据，采用超声辅助提取法优化牛大力根部总皂苷提取工艺，再用紫外分光光度计测定4个生长年份（3、6、10、15年生）牛大力根部总皂苷含量，最后用DPPH自由基法和羟基自由基法进行抗氧化活性研究。结果表明：牛大力根部总皂苷超声辅提法的最佳提取条件是乙醇体积分数为80%，料液比为1:40，提取时间为40 min，提取次数为3次。4个生长年份牛大力中，6年生牛大力根部总皂苷含量最高，15年生牛大力根部总皂苷含量最低。牛大力根部总皂苷含量随着生长年份的增长呈现出先升高后下降的趋势。抗氧化活性测试发现，不同生长年份牛大力根部总皂苷均具有一定的体外抗氧化能力。牛大力总皂苷可作为一种潜在的天然抗氧化剂进行开发利用。

Abstract

An attempt was made to determine the content of total saponins and antioxidant activity in the root of Callerya speciosa (Champion ex Bentham) Schot at different ages, and provide reference for their rational development and utilization. The root ofC. speciosa were collected and extracted by using an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, and the extraction process of total saponins from C. speciosa root were optimized. Furthermore, the total saponins content of C. speciosa root extracts from different ages (3-, 6-, 10-, and 15-year-old) was determined by using UV photometer. The antioxidant activity of total saponins from the C. speciosa root was determined by using the DPPH free radical method and hydroxyl free radical method. The results showed that the best extraction conditions for total saponins of the C. speciosa root are 80% ethanol, 1:40 solid-liquid ratio, 40 min ultrasound time, and 3 extraction times. Among the four materials, the 6-year-oldC. speciosa root had the highest total saponin content, while the 15-year-old C. speciosa had the lowest. The total saponin content of the C. speciosa root tended to increase and then decrease with the ages of C. speciosa. The antioxidant activity test found that total saponins of the C. speciosa root at different ages all possessed a certain level of antioxidant capacity in vitro, which can be developed and utilized as a potential natural antioxidant.

关键词

牛大力 / 总皂苷 / 生长年份 / 提取工艺 / 抗氧化活性

Key words

Callerya speciosa / total saponins / age / extraction process / antioxidant activity

参考文献

[1] Wu Z Y, Raven P H, Hong D Y, et al. Flora of China. Vol. 10[M]. Science Press, Beijing & Miss. Bot. Gard. Press, St. Louis, 2010, 182-183.

[2] 陈少容, 李岱霖, 莫燕兰, 等. 氮素种类对牛大力根系生长及植株生理特性的影响[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2024, 35(06): 1473-1476. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1008-0805.2024.06.50

[3] 曾聪彦, 曹海丽, 戴卫波, 等. 牛大力的本草考证[J]. 中药材, 2019, 42(6): 1433-1436.

[4] 陈晨, 刘平怀, 罗宁, 等. 牛大力食用研究概况[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2016, 37(14): 168-172. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1005-6521.2016.14.042

[5] 彭远航, 龚玲玲, 董晓全, 等. 南药牛大力开发与利用研究进展[J]. 特产研究, 2024, 46(05): 112-123+134. https://doi.org/10.16720/j.cnki.tcyj.2023.139.

[6] Zhao Z Y, Liu P H, Ma S S, et al. Botanical characteristics, chemical and nutritional composition and pharmacological and toxicological effects of medicinal and edible plantMillettia speciosa Champ.[J]. Food Science, 2017, 38(9): 293-306.

[7] 王德娴, 胡新月, 翁学煌, 等. 中药皂苷的提取及其在化妆品中的研究进展[J]. 中成药, 2024, 46(3): 866-873.

[8] 姜苹哲, 高杉, 蒋经伟, 等. 常见海洋动物皂苷生物活性的研究进展[J]. 水产科学, 2023, 42(2): 339-346.

[9] 王振兴, 杨金梅, 张志斌, 等. 绞股蓝的化学成分及其生物活性研究进展[J]. 南方农业学报, 2023, 54(6): 1741-1752.

[10] 黄映捷, 卢玉翠, 盘家萍, 等. 荔枝核总皂苷药理活性的研究进展[J]. 西北药学杂志, 2024, 39(03): 235-241. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-2407.2024.03.043

[11] 赵楠楠, 朱晓冉, 李德海. 红松壳多酚、黄酮和多糖含量及抗氧化活性相关性的研究[J]. 现代食品科技, 2017, 33(12): 44-49.

[12] 陆嫣, 徐星强. 植物抗氧化活性成分研究进展[J]. 梧州学院学报, 2017, 27(6): 11-16. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-8535.2017.06.004

[13] Yu M J, Hai Y X, Shao S Z, et al. Contrastive study on content and anti-oxidation activity of total saponins from cultivated and wild paris plants in southwest China[J]. Medicinal Plant, 2017, 8(1): 7-11.

[14] Li H, Zhai B, Sun J, et al. Antioxidant, anti-aging and organ protective effects of total saponins from Aralia taibaiensis[J]. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 2021, 15: 4025-4042. https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S330222

[15] 邢艺缤, 王馨悦, 王慕尧, 等. 人参不定根总皂苷的提取工艺优化及其抗氧化与抗疲劳作用[J]. 食品工业科技, 2024, 45(6): 193-201.

[16] 刘晨星, 曹艳, 夏其乐. 多花黄精根须皂苷的提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(05): 1144-1152. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230718

[17] 曹海丽, 曾聪彦, 戴卫波, 等. 牛大力化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J]. 中医药导报, 2019, 25(11): 135-137.

[18] 冯梦莹. 牛大力功能成分的分离纯化、结构鉴定及活性研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2015.

[19] 李荣宇, 林少玲, 骆月姬, 等. 不同产地牛大力水提物中总黄酮、总皂苷及总多糖的含量测定[J]. 中国药师, 2020, 23(6): 1208-1210.

[20] 莫宏辉, 邓国卫, 李珊. 牛大力叶中总多糖、总黄酮、总皂苷含量及其抗氧化活性的研究[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2021, 60(19): 88−91, 94.

[21] 李云行, 李洪雷, 董诗, 等. Box-Behnken响应面法优化远志皂苷提取工艺[J]. 广东化工, 2023, 50(24): 48-51. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1007-1865.2023.24.015

[22] 马铭, 白瑞斌, 刘景龙, 等. 3种党参提取物体外抗氧化活性探究[J]. 中成药, 2020, 42(9): 2514-2517. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1528.2020.09.050

[23] 羿月同, 李莎莎, 樊梓鸾, 等. 红豆越橘花青素与金银花多酚协同抗氧化活性[J]. 精细化工, 2021, 38(5): 967-972.

[24] 钟益宁, 柳欢, 吴诗云, 等. 比色法分析牛大力不同生长期的多糖含量[J]. 广州化工, 2020, 48(4): 78-80.

[25] 莫惠宁, 张洪平. 壮药牛大力主要药理和毒理作用研究进展[J]. 中国药业, 2023, 32(12): 128-131.

[26] 况成裕, 姜立会, 王振. 金刚藤不同生长年限和采收时期黄酮类成分含量的动态变化研究[J]. 中药材, 2020, 43(12): 2905-2908.

[27] 邵财, 孙海, 张舒娜, 等. 不同生长年限白鲜生物量及有效成分积累量动态变化规律研究[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2023, 34(5): 1226-1228. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1008-0805.2023.05.56

[28] 段连政, 陈新. 吉产不同生长年限桔梗中皂苷类成分与无机元素含量的动态变化研究[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2024, 35(1): 193-196. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1008-0805.2024.01.051

[29] Dou D, Leng P, Li Y, et al. Comparative study of antioxidant compounds and antiradical properties of the fruit extracts from three varieties of Crataegus pinnatifida[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2015, 52(1): 430-436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-013-0954-6

[30] 曹志方, 杨雨辉, 郝赫宣, 等. 牛大力总黄酮抗氧化作用的研究[J]. 海南大学学报 (自然科学版), 2016, 34(2): 161-169.

基金资助

海南省基础与应用基础研究计划（自然科学领域）高层次人才项目(2019RC307)