转录组差异解析文心兰跳芽现象及其调控

Transcriptome differences resolve the phenomenon of bud jumping in Oncidium and its regulation

摘要

文心兰（Oncidium hybridum）切花生产中常出现不定芽跳跃性发育打断正常花芽分化生长周期现象，由此造成切花产量下降，为解决此问题，以文心兰‘博大一号’的花芽和营养芽为材料，利用高通量技术进行转录测序。结果获得127 452 717个高质量序列，共37.36 Gb，鉴定出7 671个差异表达基因（DEGs）。COG功能分类主要在信号转导途径和碳水化合物运输和代谢途径，DEGs显著富集的KEGG通路有淀粉和蔗糖代谢途径、植物激素信号转导等途径，其中植物激素信号转导途径获得78个DEGs，差异最显著的涉及生长素、细胞分裂素、水杨酸、赤霉素。筛选到影响开花的相关转录因子和基因有13个，包括MADS1、AP2、FLK等。结果在一定程度上探析了生长素、细胞分裂素等激素及这些开花基因对文心兰花芽和营养芽分化的影响，为进一步深入研究文心兰生产过程中不定芽跳跃性发育现象形成的机制提供理论基础，便于后续提高文心兰生产效率和质量、优化文心兰栽培管理技术，这对推动中国兰花育种、种苗生产和产业发展具有十分重要的现实意义。

Abstract

To address the decreased cut flower yield caused by the bud jumping development phenomenon, where adventitious buds interrupt the normal growth cycle of flower bud differentiation in Oncidium cut flower production, flower buds and vegetative buds of Oncidium hybridum 'Boda NO1' were selected for high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. A total of 127 452 717 high-quality sequences (37.36 Gb) were obtained, and 7 671 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. COG functional classification revealed primary enrichment in signal transduction pathways and carbohydrate transport/metabolism pathways. KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism, phytohormone signaling, and other pathways. Among these, 78 DEGs were identified in the phytohormone signaling pathway, with the most pronounced differences involving auxin, cytokinins, salicylic acid, and gibberellins. Thirteen transcription factors and flowering-related genes, including MADS1, AP2, and FLK, were also screened. These results partially elucidate the effects of auxin, cytokinins, and flowering-related genes on the differentiation of flower buds and vegetative buds in Oncidium. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the mechanism underlying the bud jumping development phenomenon during Oncidium production. Additionally, it supports subsequent improvement in production efficiency, quality enhancement, and optimization of cultivation and management. These findings hold significant practical value for advancing orchid breeding, seedling production, and industry development in China.

关键词

文心兰 / 转录测序 / 开花基因 / 花芽分化 / 营养芽分化

Key words

Oncidium / transcription sequencing / flowering gene / flower bud differentiation / vegetative bud differentiation

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(32201624)

海南大学生态文明协同创新中心项目(XTCX2022STC10)

海南大学启动科研基金项目(KYQD(ZR)-21039)

海南大学横向自然科学项目(RH2200000309)