强光对小白菜光合作用能力的影响

Effect of high light on the photosynthetic capacity of bok choy (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis)

摘要

为探究强光对小白菜光合作用能力的影响，本研究以海南地区主栽小白菜品种‘华王’和‘矮脚黄’为材料，通过 LED 模拟强光 (1 500 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹)，探究强光对小白菜光合作用能力的影响。结果表明，强光处理初期（0～5 d），两品种净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）显著升高，胞间 CO₂ 浓度（Ci）下降；但长期强光（5～20 d）导致 Pn、Gs、Tr 持续下降，Ci 趋于稳定。强光处理 10 d 的光响应曲线显示，‘华王’和‘矮脚黄’两个品种小白菜叶片的最大净光合速率（Pn_max）均显著提升，表观量子效率 AQY 显著下降。强光下两个品种的光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）最大光能转化效率 Fv/Fm、实际光量子产量 ΦPSⅡ和光化学淬灭系数（qP）显著下降，‘矮脚黄’降幅更大；两个品种的非光化学猝灭系数 NPQ 在强光处理 5 d 时显著升高，但长期强光处理下 NPQ 及调节性能量耗散量子产量 Y(NPQ) 下降，而非调节性能量耗散量子产量 Y(NO) 持续上升；此外，强光下电子传递速率 ETR 在‘华王’中呈先升后降趋势，而‘矮脚黄’持续下降。综合分析表明，‘华王’在长期强光下的光系统修复能力表现出更强适应性，而‘矮脚黄’虽短期响应迅速，但光保护机制较弱。

Abstract

Two main varieties of bok choy cultivated in Hainan, ‘Huawang’ and ‘Aijiaohuang’ were selected to investigate the effects of high light on their photosynthetic capacity. High light stress was simulated using LEDs at an intensity of 1 500 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹. The results indicated that the high light treatment significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) of both the bok choy varieties, ‘Huawang’ and ‘Aijiaohuang,’ at the initial stage (0～5 days), and decreased the intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci). However, prolonged high light stress (5～20 days) led to a continuous decline in Pn, Gs, and Tr, and Ci tended to stabilize. The light response curve after 10 days of high light treatment showed that the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pn_max) of the leaves in both the bok choy varieties was significantly increased, while the apparent quantum efficiency (AQY) significantly decreased. Under high light, both the bok choy varieties decreased significantly in maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) represented by Fv/Fm, actual photochemical quantum yield (ΦPSII), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), with a greater decline observed in Aijiaohuang. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) of both the varieties significantly increased at 5 days of high light stress, but under prolonged high light stress, NPQ and the regulated energy dissipation quantum yield Y(NPQ) decreased, while the unregulated energy dissipation quantum yield Y(NO) continuously increased. Moreover, the electron transport rate (ETR) under high light showed an initial increase followed by a decrease in the bok choy variety Huawang, while the ETR continuously declined in Aijiaohuang. Overall analysis indicated that Huawang exhibited a higher adaptive capacity for photosystem repair under prolonged high light conditions, whereas Aijiaohuang responded rapidly in the short term but demonstrated a weaker photoprotection mechanism.

关键词

小白菜 / 强光处理 / 光合速率 / 叶绿素荧光

Key words

bok choy / high light treatment / photosynthetic rate / chlorophyll fluorescence

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基金资助

海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2022SHFZ061)

海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(321RC1032)