不同氮磷钾配比复合肥对热区油茶叶片营养和土壤性状的影响

Effects of compound fertilizers at different NPK ratios on the leaf nutrients and soil properties in oil-tea Camellia plantations in the tropical regions

摘要

油茶为多年生木本油料树种，合理施肥对于油茶增产意义重大，其中合理的氮磷钾配比可提供均衡营养，对于提高油茶的生长和产量至关重要。为研制适合热区油茶林土壤状况的专用复合肥，采用4种权威的氮、磷、钾施肥配比施肥，然后对‘侯臣3号’（C. vietnamensis ‘Houchen 3’）油茶叶片养分含量、油茶林地土壤的理化性质和土壤酶活等指标进行测定，探讨不同氮磷钾配比对海南油茶林的影响。结果表明，施用不同氮磷钾配比复合肥均可显著提高油茶叶片的营养元素，以及油茶林土壤的理化性质和土壤酶活等指标。在提高叶片养分及土壤营养和生物活性方面，C（N:P:K = 1:2:2）和D（N:P:K = 10:6:8）氮磷钾配比总体上对热区油茶效果最好，特别是C处理和D处理对土壤速效钾的含量促进效果最大，分别在0～20和20～40 cm土层比不施肥（CK2）对照提高了92.68%和116.17%，这对于针对性地提高海南油茶林地肥力和速效钾含量具有重要意义。本研究对进一步筛选适合热区油茶的专用复合肥提供了数据，并为油茶专用复合肥的后续研究奠定科学基础。

Abstract

Oil-tea Camellia is a perennial woody oil tree species, and reasonable fertilizer application is of great significance for increasing the oil-tea yield. Compound fertilizer at a reasonable ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) can provide balanced nutrition, which is crucial for improving the growth and yield of oil-teaCamellia. In order to develop a specialized compound fertilizer suitable for the soil conditions of oil-tea Camellia plantations in tropical areas, compound fertilizers at four authoritative ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied to a plantation of oil-tea Camellia. vietnamensis ‘Houchen 3’, and the leaf nutrient contents, the soil physical and chemical properties, and the enzyme activities in the oil-tea plantation were determined. The results showed that the application of compound fertilizers at different NPK ratios can significantly improve the nutritional elements of oil-tea Camellia leaves, as well as the soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activity in the oil-tea plantation. In terms of improving leaf nutrients, soil nutrients and biological activity, the C (N:P:K = 1:2:2) and D (N:P:K = 10:6:8) treatments largely have the best effect on oil-tea Camellia in the tropical regions, and had the greatest promoting effect especially on the content of available potassium in soil, with an increase of 92.68% and 116.17% in the 0~20 and 20~40 cm soil layers, respectively, compared to the control without fertilization (CK2), which is of great significance for targeted improvement of soil fertility and available potassium content in Hainan oil-tea Camellia plantations. These results provide data for screening specialized compound fertilizers suitable for oil-tea Camellia in the tropical regions, laying a scientific foundation for further research of specialized compound fertilizers for oil-tea Camellia in the tropical regions.

关键词

油茶 / 侯臣3号 / 氮磷钾配比 / 叶片养分 / 土壤理化性质 / 土壤酶活

Key words

oil-tea Camellia / Camellia vietnamensis ‘Houchen 3’ / nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium ratio / leaf nutrients / soil physical and chemical properties / soil enzyme activity

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2200700)

海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2023XDNY055)

海南省山柚（油茶）产业技术联盟项目(kjcgzh017)