几种常用杀虫剂对辣椒蓟马的室内毒力以及田间防效评价

Laboratory toxicity and field control efficacy of several common insecticides against pepper thrips

摘要

为筛选防控海南三亚辣椒上的瓜蓟马（Thrips palmi）和花蓟马（Frankliniella intonsa）的高效药剂，本研究通过室内毒力测定和田间药效试验，分别评估了几种常用杀虫剂对上述蓟马的室内毒力差异及田间应用潜力。室内毒力测定结果表明，60 g·L⁻¹ 乙基多杀菌素 SC 对 2 种蓟马的毒力最高，其 LC₅₀ 仅为 0.017 （瓜蓟马）和 3.391 mg·L⁻¹（花蓟马），显著优于其他药剂；240 g·L⁻¹ 虫螨腈 SC 和 10% 多杀霉素 SC 对花蓟马也表现出较高毒力，其 LC₅₀ 分别为 11.192 和 9.279 mg·L⁻¹；而 5% 甲维盐 ME 和 10% 啶虫脒 EC 对 2 种蓟马的毒力较低，LC₅₀ 值均大于 50 mg·L⁻¹。田间药效结果显示，苗期采用 25% 噻虫嗪 WG 3000 倍液灌根处理可持久抑制蓟马种群（持效期≥55 d），而在辣椒盛花期叶面喷施 60 g·L⁻¹ 乙基多杀菌素 SC 1500 倍液，其速效性和持效性一般（药后 1 d 防效 69.40%），但其与食诱剂复配药后 1 d 防效可提升至 97.15%。综上所述，建议采用“苗期噻虫嗪灌根+盛花期乙基多杀菌素复配食诱剂”的协同防控策略防治辣椒蓟马，兼顾速效性与持效性，为辣椒蓟马绿色防控提供科学依据。

Abstract

In order to screen highly effective insecticides for controlling Thrips palmi and Frankliniella intonsa on pepper (Capsicum annuum) in Sanya, Hainan Province, the toxicity differences of several commonly used insecticides against these two thrips species were evaluated through laboratory bioassays and field efficacy trials. The laboratory toxicity tests revealed that 60 g·L⁻¹ spinetoram suspension concentrate (SC) exhibited the highest toxicity against both the thrips species, with LC₅₀ values of 0.017 mg·L⁻¹ for T. palmi and 3.391 mg·L⁻¹ for F. intonsa, significantly superior to other tested insecticides. Additionally, 240 g·L⁻¹ chlorfenapyr SC and 10% spinosad SC also demonstrated relatively high toxicity againstF. intonsa, with LC₅₀ values of 11.192 and 9.279 mg·L⁻¹, respectively. In contrast, 5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion (ME) and 10% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate (EC) showed lower toxicity against both the species, with LC₅₀ values exceeding 50 mg·L⁻¹. Field efficacy trials indicated that root irrigation with 25% thiamethoxam water-dispersible granules (WG) at 3,000-fold dilution during the seedling stage provided long-lasting suppression of thrips populations (residual efficacy ≥ 55 days). However, foliar spraying with 60 g·L⁻¹ spinetoram SC at 1,500-fold dilution during the full-bloom stage exhibited moderate immediate and residual efficacy (control efficiency of 69.40% at day 1 after treatment). Nevertheless, when combined with a food attractant, the control efficacy was significantly enhanced to 97.15% at day 1 after treatment. Based on these findings, an integrated control strategy of "thiamethoxam root irrigation at the seedling stage + spinetoram combined with food attractant at the full-bloom stage" is recommended for pepper thrips management, achieving a balance between immediate and sustained efficacy. This study provides a scientific basis for the green control of thrips on pepper crops.

关键词

辣椒蓟马 / 乙基多杀菌素 / 噻虫嗪 / 毒力测定 / 田间防效 / 协同防控

Key words

pepper thrips / spinetoram / thiamethoxam / toxicity bioassay / field control efficacy / synergistic control

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基金资助

“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1400100)

三亚崖州湾科技城专项(SCKJ-JYRC-2023-46)

海南省科技专项(ZDYF2024XDNY250)