生防菌 FCA-1 的分离、鉴定及其对草地贪夜蛾肠道菌群多样性的影响

Isolation and identification of the biocontrol bacterium FCA-1 and its effects on gut microbiota diversity of Spodoptera frugiperda

摘要

重大入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda）对多种作物危害显著，且其对多种化学农药已产生严重抗药性，因此，筛选合适的生物防治方法成为良好替代方案。本研究分离并鉴定了一株草地贪夜蛾致病细菌 FCA-1，经鉴定为粘质沙雷氏菌（Serratia marcescens）。试验表明，10⁹ cfu·mL⁻¹ 的 FCA-1 菌悬液对草地贪夜蛾 3 龄幼虫的致死中时间为 60.5 h，具有显著致病力。通过高通量测序技术分析，发现该菌株可显著影响草地贪夜蛾中肠细菌多样性，使沙雷氏菌属成为优势菌群。另外，FCA-1 改变了草地贪夜蛾肠道内微生物群落结构，进而影响了胞外结构、防御机制、碳水化合物代谢、核苷酸代谢等免疫及新陈代谢相关代谢通路。综上所述，粘质沙雷氏菌 FCA-1 对草地贪夜蛾具有高效致病性，且可通过改变其肠道微生物群落结构来增强自身毒力，具有作为生物防治剂的潜力。

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda, a highly invasive pest, causes significant damage to a variety of crops and has developed severe resistance to multiple chemical pesticides. Therefore, screening suitable biological control methods has become an excellent alternative solution. In this context a pathogenic bacterium FCA-1 was isolated from the naturally dead larvae ofS. frugiperda reared indoor, and it was identified as Serratia marcescens. The experiments showed that the median lethal time of FCA-1 suspension at 10⁹ cfu·mL⁻¹ to the 3rd instar larvae of S. frugiperda was 60.5 h, indicating significant pathogenicity. Analysis using high-throughput sequencing technology revealed that this strain significantly influenced the bacterial diversity in the midgut of S. frugiperda, with genus Serratia as the dominant bacterial group. Additionally, FCA-1 altered the microbial community structure in the gut of S. frugiperda, thereby affecting immune-related and metabolic pathways such as extracellular structures, defense mechanisms, carbohydrate metabolism and nucleotide metabolism. In summary, Serratia marcescens FCA-1 has high pathogenicity against S. frugiperda and can enhance its virulence by altering the gut microbial community structure, showing potential as a biological control agent.

关键词

草地贪夜蛾 / 粘质沙雷氏菌 / 分离鉴定 / 微生物多样性

Key words

Spodoptera frugiperda / Serratia marcescens / isolation and identification / microbial diversity

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(31860514，32360684)