不同施氮水平对橡胶苗根系及根际真菌群落的影响

Effects of different nitrogen treatments on the fungal community in the root system and rhizosphere of the budded seedlings of rubber tree

摘要

本研究旨在探究不同施氮水平对橡胶苗根系生长以及根系与根际真菌群落结构的影响，明确适宜的施氮浓度，为橡胶苗健康生长及壮苗提供参考依据。选用橡胶树热研 7-33-97 籽苗为试验材料，开展室外盆栽试验。本试验以不施氮（CK）、低氮（LN，0.32 g·kg⁻¹）、中氮（MN，0.64 g·kg⁻¹）、高氮（HN，1.28 g·kg⁻¹）为处理，测量根系基本形态指标及根系与根际微生物真菌群落物种组成与多样性变化特征。研究结果表明：不同施氮水平对橡胶苗根系与根际物种组成有显著影响。根系真菌方面，低氮水平（LN）有利于维持担子菌门和糙孢孔目优势地位，而高氮水平（HN）使子囊菌门与粪壳菌目显著提高。根际真菌方面，低中氮水平（LN-MN）增加了未分类真菌与肉座菌目的相对丰度，高氮水平则显著抑制了担子菌门与环囊菌目的丰度。LN 处理（0.32 g·kg⁻¹）显著提升了根系及根际真菌 α 多样性，其根系真菌的 Shannon 指数和 Simpson 指数分别达到 3.22 和 0.904，较 CK 显著提高了 15.84% 和 12.26%。LN 处理根际真菌 Shannon（3.13）和 Simpson（0.914）指数最大，较 CK 提升了 18.11% 和 16.46%。LN 处理的根系真菌 Chao1（385.97）和 ACE（391.43）指数均达峰值，较 CK 显著增加了 1.16 倍 和 1.27 倍。根际真菌 Chao1 和 ACE 指数在 LN 处理后仍较 N0 显著提高了 72.01% 和 68.61%。不同施氮水平和不同区域位置对橡胶苗根系与根际真菌 β 多样性均存在极显著差异，且不同施氮水平影响更显著；不同施氮水平导致根系与根际真菌 β 多样性均存在极显著差异，且在根际真菌中的影响大于根系真菌。主坐标分析表明，施氮处理（LN-HN）的菌群呈现趋同性聚类，而不施氮对照处理（CK）形成独立分支；根际真菌群落对氮素响应敏感性高于根系真菌，表现为R ² 差值达 6.07%。本研究推荐 LN 处理（0.32 g·kg⁻¹），有助于提高根系与根际真菌群落多样性与丰富度，以优化橡胶苗根际真菌群落结构。

Abstract

The effects of different nitrogen treatments on root growth and fungal community structures in both the roots and rhizosphere of budded seedling of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) were investigated to determine optimal nitrogen application rate for robust growth of the budded seedlings. Mini-seedling buddings of Clone Reyan 7-33-97 of rubber tree at the age of 3 months old were selected as budded seedlings for experiment and applied with nitrogen fertilizer at different rates. An outdoor pot experiment was conducted with four treatments, control (CK, no nitrogen), low nitrogen (LN, 0.32 g·kg⁻¹), medium nitrogen (MN, 0.64 g·kg⁻¹), and high nitrogen (HN, 1.28 g·kg⁻¹), and root morphological parameters and compositional and diversity shifts in fungal communities in the roots and rhizosphere were determined and analyzed. Results revealed significant effect of different nitrogen treatments on species composition in the roots and rhyzosphere of the mini-seedling buddings. For root fungi, the LN treatment maintained dominance of Basidiomycota and Thelephorales, whereas the HN treatment substantially increased Ascomycota and Sordariales; in the rhizosphere, the LN and MN treatments elevated unclassified fungi and Hypocreales, while HN significantly suppressed Basidiomycota and Annulatascales. The LN treatment (0.32 g·kg⁻¹) maximized alpha diversity, with root fungal Shannon (3.22) and Simpson (0.904) indices increasing by 15.84% and 12.26% respectively as against the CK, while rhizosphere Shannon (3.13) and Simpson (0.914) indices rose by 18.11% and 16.46%, respectively. Root Chao1 (385.97) and ACE (391.43) indices peaked in the LN treatment, 1.16-fold and 1.27-fold higher than that of CK; rhizosphere Chao1 and ACE indices in the LN treatment still elevated significantly, 72.01% and 68.61% higher than those of CK. Beta diversity exhibited highly significant differences in the roots and rhyzosphere among nitrogen treatments and application location, with higher difference in the rhizosphere than in the roots among the nitrogen treatments. Principal Co-ordinates Analysis demonstrated convergent clustering among nitrogen treatments (LN-HN), which was distinctly separated from CK, and higher nitrogen sensitivity in rhizosphere fungi than in the root fungi (R ² difference: 6.07%). The LN treatment (0.32 g·kg⁻¹) was hence recommended as it helps enhance the diversity and richness of the fungal community in both the root system and the rhizosphere, thereby optimizing the fungal community structure in the rhizosphere of mini-seedling buddings.

关键词

施氮水平 / 橡胶苗 / 根系与根际真菌 / 物种组成 / 群落多样性

Key words

nitrogen application level / rubber plant / root and rhizosphere fungi / species composition / community diversity

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基金资助

中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所省部重点实验室及科学观测实验站开放课题(RRI-KLOF202205)