已交配普通大蓟马的繁殖对水杨酸甲酯气味的响应

Reproductive response in mated females of Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagrall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) upon exposure to methyl salicylate odor

摘要

普通大蓟马（Megalurothrips usitatus）是豆类作物上一种极难防治的害虫。为拓展水杨酸甲酯（methyl salicylate, MeSA）在该虫 IPM 实践中的潜在应用价值，本研究采用成虫熏蒸法，评价了 MeSA 气味浓度对已交配普通大蓟马繁殖和性比的影响。0.000 5、0.001 和 0.05 μL·L⁻¹ MeSA 处理的子代雄性比介于 0.33～0.42，与对照无显著差异，其日性比动态也基本相似。0.000 5 和 0.001 μL·L^–1 MeSA 气味促使子代雌虫数显著减少至 103 头·雌⁻¹ 左右，后者的子代雄虫数（50.17 头·雌⁻¹）也显著小于对照。本研究结果证实 MeSA 熏蒸处理已交配普通大蓟马雌虫对其子代性比没有干扰作用，但低浓度 MeSA 气味能降低其繁殖能力。低剂量 MeSA 抑繁效应可为该虫绿色防控新对策的研发提供依据。

Abstract

Bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is one of the economically important insect pests of leguminous crops and is very difficult to control. An attempt was made to determine whether reproduction and sex allocation in this thrips is affected by methyl salicylate (MeSA) odor for its potential application in IPM practice. One-day-old mated females were exposed to MeSA odor at concentrations of 0.000 5, 0.001, and 0.05 μL·L^–1, respectively, while unexposed females served as control. The sections of young cowpea pods were provided as food and egg-laying sites for the mated females, and replaced daily. Their offspring were reared without MeSA odor exposure until adult eclosion. The results showed that the sex ratio (proportion male) of the offspring for all the three MeSA treatments ranged from 0.33 to 0.42, which was not significantly different from that of the control. However, the number of adult female offspring decreased significantly down to approximately 103 per female upon exposure to 0.000 5 and 0.001 μL·L^–1 MeSA. The latter treatment also caused a significant reduction in the number of adult male offspring with a value of 50.17 per female. In contrast, 0.05 μL·L^–1 MeSA odor did not trigger any significant change in above reproductive parameters. These results confirm that MeSA odor exposure does not alter the offspring sex ratio of mated females of M. usitatus, but with a low-dose inhibitory effect on their offspring production, implying that low-dose MeSA may be used as an environmentally friendly tactic for control of the bean flower thrips.

关键词

普通大蓟马 / 豇豆 / 水杨酸甲酯 / 繁殖 / 性比

Key words

Megalurothrips usitatus / Vigna unguiculata / methyl salicylate / reproduction / sex ratio

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(31760515)