不同药剂防治甘薯根结线虫病的田间药效评价

Field efficacy evaluation of different nematicides against root-knot nematode disease in sweet potato

摘要

甘薯（Ipomoea batatas）是中国重要的粮食与经济作物，但根结线虫（Meloidogyne spp.）的危害严重制约其产量与品质。为筛选出高效、安全的防治甘薯根结线虫病的药剂，本研究在海南省昌江黎族自治县开展田间试验，系统评价了质量分数 30% 噻唑膦水乳剂与 450 g·L⁻¹ 三氟吡啶胺悬浮剂对甘薯根结线虫病的防控效果。结果表明，2 种药剂均能显著（P<0.05）降低病情指数与病薯率，其中，三氟吡啶胺表现出更优异的持效性，在定植后 58 和 77 d 的相对防效分别达 93.82% 和 88.08%，显著高于噻唑膦处理组（80.58% 和 71.30%）。显微镜观察发现，三氟吡啶胺处理区根结线虫虫口密度降低 96% 以上，显著高于噻唑膦处理组（47.1%）。试验显示，三氟吡啶胺具有良好的田间应用潜力，是当前根结线虫抗性加剧背景下的理想替代药剂。

Abstract

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is an important staple and economic crop in China, but its yield and quality are severely constrained by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) infections. To identify effective and safe control agents, a field trial was conducted in Changjiang County, Hainan Province, to evaluate the efficacy of 30% fosthiazate emulsion and 450 g·L⁻¹ cyclobutrifluram suspension concentrate against root-knot nematodes in sweet potato. The results showed that both nematicides significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the disease severity index and tuber infection rate. Among them, cyclobutrifluram showed significantly higher and more persistent efficacy, with relative efficacies of 93.82% and 88.08% at 58 and 77 days after planting, respectively-significantly greater than those of fosthiazate (80.58% and 71.30%). Microscopic observation further revealed that cyclobutrifluram reduced nematode population density in the treated roots by more than 96%, markedly outperforming fosthiazate (47.1%). These findings indicate that cyclobutrifluram possesses strong potential for field application and represents a promising alternative nematicide, particularly under the current scenario of increasing nematode resistance.

关键词

甘薯 / 根结线虫 / 三氟吡啶胺 / 田间防效

Key words

Ipomoea batatas / root-knot nematode / cyclobutrifluram / field efficacy.

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基金资助

海南大学甘薯产业技术体系项目(XJ2400007295)

国家自然科学基金项目(32460659)