海南三亚辣椒害虫调查及蓟马种群动态与气象因子的关系

Survey of pest species in pepper fields and the relationship between thrips population dynamics and meteorological factors in Sanya, Hainan

摘要

为明确海南三亚地区辣椒田间主要害虫种类组成及蓟马种群动态与气象因子的关系，于 2024 年 11 月-2025 年 5 月辣椒生长季，对辣椒田间害虫种类及蓟马种群动态规律进行了系统调查，并分析了蓟马种群与关键气象因子的关联。结果表明，三亚辣椒田间的优势害虫为蓟马类害虫，其中瓜蓟马（Thrips palmi）和花蓟马（Frankliniella intonsa）为优势种。蓟马类害虫在辣椒各生育期均有发生，但种群动态呈现明显阶段性差异：苗期为发生低谷期，开花挂果期为种群高峰期，且此阶段花蓟马数量显著超过瓜蓟马；开花采收期危害程度降低，调查末期瓜蓟马数量再度占据优势。相关性分析表明，开花挂果期的气象因子对蓟马类害虫种群数量的影响显著，其与平均气温、最低气温、平均地表气温、日最高/最低地表气温及最高湿度均呈显著正相关。本研究揭示了辣椒田间为害害虫种类、为害害虫优势种群、优势种群蓟马类为害动态及气象因子对蓟马类害虫种群动态的关键影响，为三亚地区辣椒蓟马类害虫的精准监测与防治策略制定提供了科学依据。

Abstract

To clarify the species composition of major pests in pepper fields in Sanya, Hainan, and the relationship between thrips population dynamics and meteorological factors, a systematic survey of pest species and thrips population dynamics was conducted during the pepper growing season from November 2024 to May 2025, and their association with key meteorological factors was analyzed. The results showed that the dominant pests in Sanya pepper fields were thrips, with Thrips palmi and Frankliniella intonsa being the dominant species. Thrips pests occurred at all the growth stages of pepper, but their population dynamics exhibited distinct growth stage-specific differences: the seedling stage was a low-incidence period, and the flowering and fruit-setting stages were the peak population period, during which the number of F. intonsa significantly exceeded that of T. palmi. The damage decreased during the flowering and harvesting stages, and by the end of the survey, T. palmi once again became dominant. Correlation analysis indicated that meteorological factors during the flowering and fruit-setting stages had a significant influence on thrips population numbers, showing significant positive correlations with average temperature, minimum temperature, average surface temperature, daily maximum/minimum surface temperature, and maximum humidity. All these findings reveal the pest species composition, dominant pest populations, dynamics of dominant thrips pests, and the key influence of meteorological factors on thrips population dynamics in pepper fields, providing a scientific basis for the precise monitoring and formulation of control strategies against thrips pests in pepper fields in the Sanya region.

关键词

辣椒 / 蓟马 / 种群动态 / 优势种群 / 海南三亚 / 气象因子

Key words

pepper / thrips / population dynamics / dominant species / Sanya, Hainan / meteorological factors.

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基金资助

“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(No.2024YFD1400100)

海南省科技专项(No.ZDYF2024XDNY250)

海南省自然科学基金项目(No.321QN377)