光照强度对海南凤仙花叶片解剖结构和光合特性的影响

Effects of light intensity on leaf anatomical structure and photosynthetic characteristics of Impatiens hainanensis

摘要

为了探究近危极小种海南凤仙花（Impatiens hainanensis）在生境光照强度阈值下的生理响应，研究了生境最高光照强度阈值（50% 光照强度）和生境最低光照强度阈值（20% 光照强度）对海南凤仙花生长、叶片解剖结构、光合和荧光特性的影响。结果表明：50% 光照强度下，海南凤仙花的地径、株高、冠幅、叶面积和比叶面积均小于 20% 光照强度；50% 光照强度下，叶片气孔密度显著低于 20 % 光照强度，而单个气孔器面积显著高于 20% 光照强度；20% 光照强度的叶片、上表皮、栅栏组织及韧皮部厚度均显著高于 50% 光照强度。与 50% 光照强度相比，20% 光照强度的叶色参数 a^*（红绿度）显著减小，H（色调角）显著增大，且其叶绿素 a、叶绿素 b 和总叶绿素含量均较高，表明 20 % 光照强度下叶片更绿。在 20% 光照强度下，净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和最大光化学量子效率均显著提高，且 20% 光照强度下的光饱和点高于 50% 光照强度，但 20 % 光照强度下的暗呼吸速率和光补偿点均低于 50% 光照强度。以上结果表明，50% 光照强度（生境最高光照强度阈值）对海南凤仙花造成了一定的光抑制，20% 光照强度（生境最低光照强度阈值）可避免光抑制发生并保障光合作用的高效进行，更有利于海南凤仙花的生长发育。

Abstract

An attempt was made to investigate the physiological response of Impatiens hainanensis, the near-threatened extremely small population, under the light intensity thresholds in habitat. I. hainanensis was treated with 50% light intensity (the maximum threshold in the habitat) and 20% light intensity (the minimum threshold in the habitat) to observe its growth, leaf anatomical structure, photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics. The results showed that the ground diameter, height, crown width, leaf area and specific leaf area of I. hainanensis under the 50% light intensity were lower than those under the 20% light intensity. The stomatal density was significantly lower under the 50% light intensity than under the 20% light intensity, while single stomata area was significantly higher under the 50% than under the 20% light intensity. Compared with the 50% light intensity, the 20% light intensity significantly increased the leaf thickness, upper epidermal, palisade tissue and sponge tissue thickness. For leaf color and photosynthetic pigment content, the values of the color parameters a* (green-red axis) were significantly reduced and H (hue angle) significantly increased under the 20% light intensity compared with those under the 50% light intensity, and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll contents were higher, indicating that leaves were greener under the 20% light intensity. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and maximum photochemical quantum efficiency exhibited a significant increase under the 20% light intensity, and the light saturation point under the 20% light intensity was higher than that under the 50% light intensity, while the dark respiration rate and light compensation point under the 20% light intensity were both lower than those under the 50% light intensity. It is concluded that the 50% light intensity (the maximum threshold in the habitat) caused a certain degree of photoinhibition toI. hainanensis, while the 20% light intensity (the minimum threshold in the habitat) could avoid photoinhibition and guarantee the efficient photosynthesis. Thus, the 20% light intensity was more favorable to the growth and development of I. hainanensis.

关键词

光照强度 / 海南凤仙花 / 解剖结构 / 光抑制 / 光合响应

Key words

light intensity / Impatiens hainanensis / anatomical structure / photoinhibition / photosynthetic response

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(32201282, 32371959)

海南大学科研启动项目(RZ2200002427)

海南省研究生创新科研课题(Qhys2023-213, Hyb2025-118)

海南省自然科学基金青年项目(322QN249)